英语被动语态读书笔记

英语被动语态读书笔记

　　在英语的语法中，主动语态是主语动作的执行者，而被动语态就是承受者。下面是学习啦小编精心为您整理的英语被动语态读书笔记，希望您喜欢!

　　一、被动语态定义：

　　被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

　　二、被动语态的结构

　　那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分)：

　　His bicycle was stolen.

　　The building has been built in 2000.

　　通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：

　　be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)

　　三、被动语态的运用

　　什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种情况：

　　(1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：

　　Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。)

　　The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。)

　　He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。)

　　Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。)

　　(2) 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：

　　Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.

　　(计算器不能用于数学考试。)

　　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。)

　　He was awarded first prize in that contest.

　　(他在比赛中获得了第一。)

　　(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：

　　The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。)

　　四、各种时态的被动语态举例

　　一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：

　　1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词

　　Our classroom is cleaned every day.

　　This car is made in China.

　　2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词

　　His desk was cleaned just now.

　　The station was built in 1928.

　　3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词

　　A new factory is being built in our city now.

　　Some trees are being cut down in the park.

　　4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词

　　A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

　　Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

　　5、一般将来时的被动语态:

　　(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

　　(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.

　　Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

　　Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

　　6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.

　　She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.

　　He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

　　7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词

　　Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.

　　Your watch has been mended already.

　　8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词

　　He said that some new factories had been built in the city.

　　I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

　　9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done

　　例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

　　五、主动语态改成被动语态方法

　　把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

　　1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

　　2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

　　3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);

　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.