托福阅读题型：六选三题型该怎么做

托福阅读考试最后一道题是文章小结题，大多数情况下为六选三的题目，要求考生通过阅读，对全文内容有一个全面的了解，然后选出能够表达文章主要内容的选项。从整体阅读考试来看，很多考生到了这一题的时候，所剩时间不多，加之这类型题目又需要联系全文并且总揽全局，所以这种类型题就成了大多数考生的软肋，很多同学基本处于放弃的状态。但是，作为备考，我们是不能先从心理上放弃某个题目的，所以还是应该在有限的备考时间中，争取突破这类题目的瓶颈，争取考试的时候一举拿下文章小结题。那么我们应该怎样备考呢?今天我们就来一起讨论一下如何有效备考“六选三”阅读题。

托福阅读题型：六选三题型该怎么做?

俗话说，知己知彼，百战不殆，所以我们先来看一下这类题目的答题要求

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

通过阅读 directions，我们得到以下信息：

有 3 个正确答案正确答案应该表达 the most important ideas错误选项有两类：一是与原文不符的，二是原文中的细节信息分值 2 分

所以我们可以看出，这类题目要求我们在阅读过程中，或者是在阅读结束后，需要在头脑中形成一个文章的整体框架，涵盖整篇文章的主要观点和信息。所以梳理关系，掌握框架成为解这道题目的关键。这里介绍一个非常好的解决办法，就是朗播网主推的阅读笔记法，在阅读的时候，把主要观点和关键信息记录下来，同时梳理信息之间的关系，既可以帮助理解文章内容，也可以避免因为忘记主要观点而不停地回读文章，浪费大量时间，考生直接看笔记，就可以比较直观地抓住文章的主要内容了。

大家可以先来看这样一个例子：

If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.

光看上面这段文字，只是单纯的单词和句子组合到一起，看完之后很有可能会忘记，如果问题中，特别是最后的六选三题目问到相关问题，很多同学都会进行重读，不仅会花费很多时间，而且一紧张反倒读不懂简单的句子了，那么我们来看一下运用笔记法记出来的内容是什么样子的呢：

通过上面的笔记，整段内容的框架就比较清楚了：文章向我们阐述了两个问题，通过这两个问题，得出来了一个结论。大家看一下，框架性是不是很强?所以，这样不用重读，大家也可以知道这部分的主要内容了。如果整篇文章都按照这样一个方法记下来的话，还用愁忘记文章内容吗?大家还不赶快学起来!

托福词汇之阅读核心词汇

思考类动词总结

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce/

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/

reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

思考类名词总结(观点/概念/理论)

Notion/idea/view/concept/perception

perspective/observation/examination

witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis

impression/supposition/theory/thought

apprehension/comprehension/realization

consideration/interpretation/understanding

speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology

支持类单词总结

Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/

accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/

glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value

反对类单词总结

Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/

oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/

disapprove/condemn

核心的;主要的;基本的;内在的

essential/chief/crucial/core

fundamental/main/key/inborn

principal/elementary/primary

indispensable/central/vital

underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn

重要的;显著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand

honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful

prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous

限制/阻挠

limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen

narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb

impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp

diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper

hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart

退步

decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall

减少

decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb

evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink

slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract

增加/发展

increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise

advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/

broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

托福词汇积累之兴趣爱好

hobby 业余爱好

play the guitar 弹吉他

play chess 下棋

long-distance running长跑

play bridge 打桥牌

collect stamps 集邮

play tennis 打网球

jogging 慢跑

sewing 缝纫

travelling 旅游

do some claysculptures 搞泥塑

与低碳生活有关的托福词汇

低碳 Low-Carbon

低碳经济 Low-Carbon Economy(LCE)

低碳生活 Low-Carbon Life

低碳旅游 Low-Carbon Tour

低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way

碳 Carbon

二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide

二氧化碳排放 the output of the carbon dioxide

二氧化碳浓度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide

碳减排Carbon emission reduction

碳排放标准 Standard for carbon dioxide emission

碳排放责任 Liability for carbon dioxide emission

越境碳污染 Trans-frontier carbon dioxide pollution

一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide

温室气体 Greenhouse gas(GHS)

温室气体排放 Greenhouse gas emission

温室效应 Greenhouse effect

全球气候变暖 Global warming

生物圈 Biosphere

大气层 Atmosphere

大气模型 Atmospheric models

空气质量管理 Air quality management

大气监测 Atmospheric monitoring

大气修正 Atmospheric corrections

大气层的化学成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere

臭氧层 Ozone layer

紫外线 Ultraviolet ray

红外线 Infrared

环境 Environment

生态 Ecology

生态系统 Ecosystem

工业烟尘 Industrial fumes

环境核算 Environmental accounting

环境审计 Environmental auditing

环境健康影响评价 Environmental health impact assessment

环境影响 Environmental impact

环境影响评价 Environmental impact assessment

环境影响状报告书 Environmental impact statement

环境指标 Environmental indicators

环境政策 Environmental policy

环境风险评估 Environmental risk assessment

可持续发展 Sustainable development

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