雅思写作为什么总跑题原因及对策都在这了
在雅思写作考试中，很多考生因为跑题，拿到一个低分。要知道围绕中心来进行答题是基本的要求，作文跑题了，文笔再好也很难拿到高分。那么雅思写作为什么总跑题呢?接下来小编为大家分析一原因及对策，一起来了解一下。
雅思写作为什么总跑题 原因及对策都在这了
雅思写作偏题原因：生词
生词，是考生审题出现偏差最普遍的问题。一方面，雅思考生越来越低龄化：很多考生年龄小，大多数词汇量非常少，有的考生能够认识的单词甚至还不到1000个。另一方面，雅思的大作文考题尤其是学术类的，话题偏重于社会话题，语言偏书面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏许多大学生，都会有此感慨：题目有单词不认识啊。
▲对策
①积累话题核心词
1.何谓“题干核心词”
雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：“题干核心词”。
2.学习“题干核心词”的方法
对于“题干核心词”的学习，建议考生从“写作机经”入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。
●请看以下雅思真题：
1. International travel often leads people to have someprejudicesrather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit?
2. International travelsometimes makes people more prejudicedrather thanboard-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people's understanding of the countries they visit?
上述两道雅思真题虽然提问方式有所不同，但是题干中核心词是相同的，而且尤其是“prejudice”一词是理解难度比较大的。因此，如果考生认真复习机经积累题干中的实意词，那么，遇到生词的几率就将大大降低。
②借助连接词
1.何谓“连接词”
连接词主要是表明“词与词”或“句与句”或“段与段”之间关系的词。在题干中出现比较多的，能够帮助考生猜测词义的是：表示比较、转折、让步、并列的连接词。
2.学习“连接词”的方法
建议考生可以按照连接词所表示的不同逻辑分别记忆。
题目中出现频率较多的连接词有：
表示比较：in contrast， by comparison， similarly， while
表示转折：however， on the other hand， nevertheless
表示让步：although， despite， in spite of
表示并列：and
●请看以下雅思真题：
Many people believe that today there is a general increase inanti-social behaviorand lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it?
在这道雅思题目中，anti-social behavior是一个具有相当难度的词。在考生词汇面与量都不令人满意的情况下，这个词是很难理解的。当然，如果有的考生背过前缀的话，他也能理解这个词。但是，事实是很少有考生会背前缀，因为它太枯燥了。那么，我们借助并列连接词“and”能否猜出这个生词的意思呢?答案是肯定的。“lack of respect for others”表示对他人不尊重，是不利于社会和谐的行为。那么，和它并列的“antisocial behavior”呢?当然也是对社会不利的行为了，也就是“反社会行为”。
如何更好地利用模版来写雅思作文
写作属于产出性技能(productive skills)，是大多数考生比较薄弱的环节。对于大多数考生而言，对书面英语的运用要真正达到飞洒自如，随心所欲的境界，尚有相当差距。由于语言能力的限制，往往是有感没法发出来——思想到位而语言不到位。有鉴于此，不少写作老师对模版和套句的作用极为推崇，认为能短时间内令考生的表达“乌鸡变凤凰”。
我们不可否认模版和套句在顺利通过雅思写作考试所起的作用，但是部分雅思备考书籍和网站提供的所谓“高分写作模版”能否令考生短期内迅速考取高分呢?答案是否定的。由于使用同一个模版，考生必然写出千人一面的文章，令本已疲惫不堪的考官倍感厌倦，(考官可能因为某一高分模版“恶心”好几天呢)不少考生因此失分惨重，背上“雷同”、“剽窃”的黑锅，甚至得零分。
那我们该怎样正确利用模版呢?考生不应一字不漏照搬出版的写作书这样容易给考官判为雷同，此外由于模版可能与自身水平不相匹配，往往给人“乞丐带钻石项链”的感觉。比较可取的方法是参考优秀模版的谋篇布局，注意收集相关的其承转合的佳句，然后根据自身的水平，组装成“个性化”的模版，从而避免被判为雷同。
详细剖析雅思写作范文：动物实验
写作题目
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考题解释
有些人认为把动物用于试验目的很残忍，但是另一些人却认为这对科学的发展是必要的。请讨论这两种观点并给出自己的观点。
关键词
experimentation 实验;试验
cruel 残忍的
考题分析
本题讨论的话题是是否可以拿动物作试验。考题中有两种观点，分别是支持和反对。因为提问中有明确的“discuss both views”的指令，因此两种观点都必须讨论到。最后的观点可以采取折衷的方案，即动物是否可以用来试验应该取决于试验的性质或者动物的种类等。
类似考题
Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
Aquariums and wildlife sanctuaries are seen as sources of education and entertainment for families. They are also essential to conduct life-saving research. However there is opposition to confining animals in this way. Discuss some of the arguments for and against the maintenance of zoos.
原创范文
A chimpanzee is perhaps the animal most closely related to humans; but instead of treating the animal with love and respect, we subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and medical experiments to further human development. What a cruel fate for the unfortunate chimpanzee. Or perhaps, in life as in the jungle it is survival of the fittest, and so, as the most intelligent animal we are just exercising our right to dominate and use other animals as we wish.
For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white; either very pro-animal rights, or very much in favour of using animals since we are the highest level creature. On the one hand, some people say that subjecting animals to pain and torture is truly barbaric; higher-level animals share with us feelings, thoughts and behaviors and so we should look after them and respect them. They may also feel that if we are so unsure about the effects of a drug for example then we should do further chemical testing before doing live and sometimes cruel animal testing.
Others, however, believe that we must use animals for the benefit of our own species (humans); to test drugs, cosmetics and new developments in science which will provide a safer and better lifestyle for us. Very few people are inherently cruel, but they still believe it is either them or us; it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.
Being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show for it is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior, but at other times if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible and valuable then I feel that the research is justified.
～296 Words～
谋篇布局
第一段
引言段，背景介绍并给出观点
第一段里作者先介绍了考题的背景。用黑猩猩(chimpanzee)和“适者生存”(survival of the fittest)的事例来证明人类正在为了自身目的让动物遭受痛苦。
第二段
主体段1，反对动物试验的理由
本段首先承认在是否可以把动物用于科学试验这个问题上存在明显分歧，既有人支持也有人反对。随后重点讨论了反对动物试验的理由：
理由一： barbaric
动物和人类一样有情感、思想和行为(feelings, thoughts and behaviors)，我们应该照顾它们尊重它们(look after them and respect them)。让动物遭受痛苦和折磨是野蛮的行为(truly barbaric)。
理由二： chemical testing
如果对药物的疗效不是很确定(unsure about the effects of a drug)，应该进一步进行化学试验(do further chemical testing)，避免用动物进行残忍的活体实验。
第三段
主体段2，支持动物试验的理由
在第三段中作者讨论了另外一种观点，即应该支持动物试验。理由也有两条：
理由一： safer and better lifestyle
动物试验可以帮助人类测试药物、化妆品等(test drugs, cosmetics)给人类带来更安全和舒适的生活(safer and better lifestyle)。
理由二： better than testing on human
有些人觉得既然一定要用活体试验，那么用猴子做试验总要比用人试验要好(it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.)。
第四段
总结，并给出作者观点
最后一段作者提出了自己的观点，认为如果是为了残忍而残忍而且没有任何效果，则绝对是超出了可接受行为的范围(stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior)。但如果研究所带来的利益是明显、实际并且有价值的(explicit, tangible and valuable)，则这些试验是合理的(the research is justified.)。
重点词汇
subject … to…
使……屈从于……;使……遭受……
The inquiry found that the court had subjected them to unfair treatment.
inhumane
adj.残忍的;不人道的
Conditions for prisoners were described as inhumane.
survival of the fittest
适者生存
“Survival of the fittest” is the result of natural selection.
in favour of
支持;赞成
He voted in favour of the bill because he wants to please the law makers.
torture
n.折磨;痛苦
Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation.
barbaric
adj.野蛮的;粗野的
She found the idea of killing animals for pleasure barbaric.
species
n.物种;种类
Over a hundred species of insect are found in this area.
explicit
adj.外在的;清楚的
She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.
boundary
n.边界;分界线
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
tangible
adj.切实的;实际的
Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.
justified
adj.有道理的;合理的
I accept that the criticism is completely justified.
inherently
adv.天性地;固有地
There's nothing inherently wrong with his ideas.
实用句型
以……为目的 for the sake of …
在表达“为了……(目的)而做……”这种概念时，可以用“for the sake of”来表达，相当于“because of...” 或“for the purpose of...”例如：
Let's not disagree for the sake of (= because of)a few pounds.
Let's say, just for the sake of argument/for argument's sake (= for the purpose of this discussion), that prices rise by 3 per cent this year.
You're only arguing for the sake of arguing (= because you like arguing).
此外，我们还可以用“for its own sake”用来表达类似的概念，例如：
I study for its own sake.
Don't use technology for its own sake. Use it when it's the best or the only way to provide information.
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