托福写作大小写详细的规则介绍
托福作文中，会出现一些有大小写的词，那么这些词都有哪些?小编在这里做了整理和总结，方便大家的备考。所以想要系统的学习托福写作中的大小写原则，那就赶快来看看小编为大家整理的内容吧!
托福写作大小写详细的规则介绍
1.直接引语中，句首字母要大写。例如：“Then，”I said，“You havebeen making a mistake，and the letter is not in the apartment.”“那么，”我说，“你准弄错了。这封信并不在那栋房子里。”
2.星期、月份名称的第一个字母要大写，但季节第一个字母不大写。例如：Sunday星期天，August八月，winter冬天，spring春天。
3.一些大型节日名称的第一个实词的第一字母都要大写。如：Children‘s Day儿童节，National Day国庆节， Teachers’ Day教师节。
4.由普通名词构成的专有名词词组，除其中的冠词、较短的介词和连词外，每个词的第一字母都要大写。例如：the Great Wall长城，the UnitedStates美国。
5.大型会议、文件、条约名称的每个实词(虚词：副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和拟声词则不用大写)的第一个字母都要大写。书名、报刊名应大写首字母，文章标题中的每一个实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：China Daily《中国日报》，New York Times《纽约时报》，Their Class《他们的班级》(文章标题)，the Warsaw Treaty《华沙条约》， 实例：English Coaching Paper《英语辅导报》。
6.诗歌的每一行的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。
7. 表示称呼语或职务的词首字母要大写。实例：Mr Green格林先生， Dr Li李博士
8.大多数的缩略词要大写。实例：CCTV(中国中央电视台)， ID(身份证)， CD(光盘)
10.句子开头的第一个字母要大写。“I(我)”在句中任何位置都要大写。例如：What‘s her name?Mary and I are teachers.
11.地名、国名和人名等专有名词第一个字母要大写。例如：Russia(俄罗斯)，Youyang(酉阳)，Chengdu(成都)，Jack(杰克)。
12.一些亲属关系(如mother，sister，mum，dad等)用作称呼语时第一个字母要大写。例如：Thank you，Granny.谢谢你，姥姥。
13.人名前的称呼或头衔第一个字母应大写。例如：Mr Smith，Dr Wang，Miss Mary。
14.表示语种、民族的名词或形容词第一个字母要大写。例如：Russian俄语、俄罗斯人(的)，Chinese汉语、中国人(的)。
托福写作：独立写作句法的多样性
丨动静结合总相宜
例1：她按时到校上学。
动态句：She attends school regularly.
静态句：Her attendance at school is regular.
例2：他拥有一所房子。
动态句：He possesses a house.
静态句：He is in possession of a house.
技巧小结：中文习惯动词占优势，但是英语里面静态词汇(名词、介词、副词、形容词等)占优势。所以在写作时同学们应该考虑英语句子静态特征的表达。
丨具体抽象互补足
例3：她的朴素衣着使他显得更美。
具体句：Her simple dress adds to her beauty.
抽象句：The simplicity of her dress adds to her beauty.
例4：温暖的房间使我昏昏欲睡。
具体句：The warm room made me sleepy.
抽象句：The warmth of the room made me sleepy.
技巧小结：中文表达重具体，英文表达重抽象。
丨物称人称相交替
例5: 我永远忘不了这个教训。
人称主语：
I will neverforget the lesson.
物称主语：
The lesson willbe rootedin my memory forever.
例6: 不同的团队成员对工作有不同的态度。
人称主语：
Different team members have different attitudes towards work.
物称主语：
Attitudes towards work vary from person to person.
技巧小结：英语主语常用人称和物称两种形式表达。物称主语注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”，人称主语侧重“什么人怎么样”。
综上所述，同学们在独立写作中，除了使用习以为常的并列句和从句以外，为满足托福写作中的句法多样性原则，还应该多考虑在文章写作中加入如上三种句子表述方式。同时，在背单词的同时，一定要注意掌握同一单词的派生词，这样才能更加游刃有余地完成不同形态的句子。
托福写作思路从积累托福语料做起
很多同学在学习托福写作中经常没思路，看见题目就已经蒙了，那么从今天开始北京新东方赵云龙BOMB老师帮你补充补充背景知识好不好，让你“知其然知其所以然” 既然“机经”如今没以前准了，那就不如从现在开始咱们积累一些和托福写作相关话题的语料和背景知识，考试当中能用起来!!! Let’s begin now~~
First，请各位3分钟时间默读下面的文段(以下范文出自KYLE DeNUCCIO 不同颜色的词请重点关注)
①Financial literacy is the ability to use knowledge and skills to make effective and informed money management decisions. Gaining the knowledge and developing the skills to become financially literate is a lifelong process that begins with something as simple as putting a few pennies in a piggy bank, and evolves to more advanced subjects such as risk and asset allocation.
②Because financial literacy is not emphasized in the education system - less than half the states have any financial literacy requirements for grades K-12, and only four states require high school students to take personal finance classes - most kids lack the necessary knowledge and skills to become financially responsible adults. The President's Advisory Council on Financial Literacy wrote in its 2008 Annual Report to the President: "By almost any measure, today's school children are ill-equipped to understand personal finance and make their way in the modern financial world. Their rising debt and debt problems, along with their poor inclination to save, substantiate what the test scores show. Meanwhile, most students still graduate from high school without any formal classroom education in personal finance."
③There is now - especially following the global financial crisis that began in 2008 - a growing interest in requiring more personal finance classes in the K-12 setting. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve System has stated that, "One of the key lessons of the recent financial crisis is the importance of personal financial literacy. Besides improving their personal financial decision making, teaching students economic principles will help them as citizens understand and make choices about many of the critical issues confronting our nation."
④Despite this recognition, most things money are still taught at home, where the role of financial educator falls primarily on parents, guardians and other adults in the home. For many adults, however, talking about money is akin to talking about other provocative subjects. Unsure of where to begin and worried about saying the wrong thing, many adults simply avoid conversations about money. This is often made worse by adults' lack of confidence in their own handling of finances. It is important for adults to remember that, even if they are not financial rock stars themselves, they have experience and perspective on their sides, and can draw both from their financial mistakes and successes to share essential knowledge and skills to their children. It starts with a conversation.
⑤In our first guide, Teaching Financial Literacy To Kids, we introduced concepts that are appropriate for the youngest learners, such as the difference between needs and wants.(细节!!) / In part two of the series, Teaching Financial Literacy To Tweens, we covered intermediate topics, including income and expenses, saving for long-term goals and entrepreneurship. / In this tutorial, designed especially for teaching teens, we introduce the more advanced topics suitable for teenagers, including budgeting, credit and debt, money management and investing.(细节!!)(473words)
读完了是不是有一种“好高大上啊” 我写不出来啊，没关系哈来下面BOMB老师帮你“庖丁解牛” 请动笔“记” 光看没用，快拿笔!
1.Financial literacy ：翻译成中文的话就类似“理财的能力”
e.g.：Financial literacy is the ability to use knowledge and skills to make effective money management decisions, so children are obliged to get informed about.
理财是一种使用知识和技能的能力去做出高效的金钱管理决定，所以孩子务必要去了解。
literate：有文化的，会读写的
illiterate：文盲的
2.informed decisions： 明智的决定 类似表达比如 smart move/sound decision
e.g.：School authorities might make an informed decision to put in a vast majority of money to hire famous teachers after researching hundreds of students’s needs.
校方在调查了百名学生的需求后做出个明智的决定，就是去投入大量的资金雇佣教师。
3.lifelong process：一辈子的事儿
e.g.： Marriage is a lifelong process that we have to think twice to make an informed decision.
婚姻是个一辈子的事儿，我们要认真考虑以便做出个明智的决定。
4.putting a few pennies in a piggy bank：把零钱装进存钱罐
“piggy bank”表示零钱罐，penny 一便士
5.asset allocation ：资产分配
e.g.：Confronting financial crisis, government has to implement a proper asset allocation policy to avoid repeat financial depression.
面临资产危机的时候，政府必须要实施合适的资产分配政策来防止周而复始的经济萧条。
6.be emphasized in: 被重视
e.g.：The mindset of "problem-solving" and “thinking-critically “ should be emphasized in the construction of teenagers teaching curricular.
“解决问题”和“批判性思考”的思维应该在青少年教学课程建设中被强强调。
7.require sb to do：要求某人做某事(一般与学生搭配在一起使用更佳)
e.g.：School should require students to attend to some extracurricular activities to strengthen their social abilities.
学校应该要求学生参加一些课外活动去加强他们的社交能力。
8.financially responsible adults：经济上有责任感的成年人
e.g.：In order to become financially responsible adults, children are supposed to engage in different finance-related activities to acquire more practical skills on issues of money autonomy.
为了成为经济上独立的成年人，孩子应该参与不同的与经济有关的活动去获得更多的实用的技能在金钱自理的问题上。
9.be ill-equipped to：表示”做某事没有准备好“ ”缺乏某种能力“
e.g.：Parents are ill-equipped to understand their children and put in less faith in them such as restricting their money spent on entertainment; limiting their time spent on watching TV, and even prohibiting their freedom to choose majors.
父母未能很好的理解孩子并且对孩子有很少的信任，比如限制他们花在娱乐上的钱,限制他们花在看电视上的时间,甚至禁止他们选择专业的自由。
10.have poor inclination to ：表示有做不好的事情的不良倾向
e.g.：Children, especially for those rebellious adolescents, tend to have poor inclination to crime, so they should be guided in a right way by their parents.
孩子,特别是那些叛逆的青少年,往往有犯罪的倾向,所以他们应该被他们的父母用正确的方法引导。
11.show a growing interest in：表示在某方面展现兴趣
e.g.：Talent kids tend to show a growing interest in tackling difficult problems.
有天赋的孩子往往在解决难题上有很多的兴趣。
12.fall primarily on：主要属于某人/主要落在谁身上
e.g.：To address environmental problems, the duties will fall primarily on three aspects : governments ;individuals and small businesses.
为了解决环境问题,责任将主要在三个方面:政府、个人和小企业。
13.is akin to: 与某事某物相似
e.g.： Friendship is akin to love.
爱人者，人恒爱之。
14.provocative subjects：刺激的话题/争议的话题
e.g.：How to achieve a sense of happiness has long been the provocative subjects which are often discussed among scholars.
如何拥有幸福感一直是一个有争议的并被学者讨论的话题。
15.on one’s sides：就某人而言/支持某人/站在某人那边
e.g.：On my side, finance-related issues should be emphasized in the education of kids.
在我看来，与金钱有关的问题应该在小孩的教育中被重视。
16.share essential knowledge and skills to ：分享重要的知识技能给某人
e.g.：Teachers should share essential knowledge and skills to teenagers who are eager to learn and improve their abilities.
老师应该分享重要的知识技能给那些想学习并提高能力的青少年。
升级!9种花样句型，搞定托福高分写作!
1.定语从句
写作中最常用的句型之一，可以将两个简单句轻松地连接成一个漂亮的复杂句。
例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence,superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
2. 状语从句
写作中常用的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
【原因状语从句】
常由because, as, since和for引导。
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
【让步状语从句】
常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导。
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
【条件状语从句】
常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导。
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
【 时间状语从句】
常由when和while引导。
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
【 目的状语从句】
常由so that和in order that引导。
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
3. 宾语从句
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitableresult and there is no way to avoid it.
许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。
4. 同位语从句
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
5. 主语从句
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。
6. 强调句
句式：It is + 被强调的内容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。
7. 被动语态
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。
8. 分词结构
包括现在分词和过去分词。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要来源， 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spittingdeliberately.
具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰的人进行严惩。
9. 插入语
一种独立成分，与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系，大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，位置较为灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大学生，没有社会经验，容易上当受骗。
这些就是托福写作的一些小技巧啦，你学到了吗?
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