歌德英文简介
歌德英文简介
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德，德国著名思想家、作家、科学家，他是魏玛的古典主义最著名的代表。下面是学习啦小编为你整理的歌德英文简介，希望对你有用!
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德简介
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1722 - March 22, 1832), was born in Frankfurt am Main, a famous German thinker, writer, scientist, he is Weimar The most famous representative of classicalism. And as a writer of poetry, drama and prose works, he is one of the greatest German writers, but also an outstanding figure in the field of world literature. He wrote a play in 1773, "Gertz von Bethlein", from the famous German literary world. 1774 published a "juvenile Witt's troubles", but also made him fame. In 1776 began to serve Weimar Principality. 1831 completed the "Faust", the following year in Weimar died.
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德人物生平
early life
On August 28, 1749, Goethe was born in a wealthy citizen family in the town of Frankfurt (located in Hesse). As a child, the father is harsh and serious. While the mother is different from the father of the kind of gentle, considerate maternal love to appease, to inspire Goethe, to guide his interest in learning, and try to cultivate Goethe master the right understanding of literature.
Mother often put him on his lap, telling all kinds of interesting stories to him. Mother's language is very strong, rhetoric and rich, Goethe often heard so drunk. Perhaps it is the inheritance of the mother of this talent, Goethe adult mother is still with him like a friend to discuss the issue. For the son of the works, the mother is a must read, and always give appropriate comments. Goethe perception is high, my mother on the pass, and can quickly improve their exposure to the lack of.
In addition to the sister born on December 7, 1750, Cornelia Friedrich Cristina, John Wolfgang von Goethe's other brothers and sisters died prematurely. In 1758, Goethe infected with smallpox.
Goethe was educated by father and tutor, and also studied riding and fencing.
Goethe had long been interested in literature. In this respect he first turned his attention to Kloppstock and Homer. At the age of 14, he wanted to attend an idyllic association. At the same time, he also likes drama, so during the French occupation he frequently visited the French theater. In 1763 he saw at a concert that was only seven years old Mozart.
On September 30, 1765 he left Frankfurt and studied law in Leipzig.
From 17 October to 1768, Goethe studied at Leipzig. He listened to the poetic lecture of Christian Fürchtegott Gellert and took part in his writing style. At the same time he also accepted the Leipzig Institute Dean's painting course. He fell in love with Kaumlthchen Schoumlnkopf, and in the joyful and lightly verses, the book was praised in the Rococo style tradition. (The poem "Annette")
Leipzig City's most famous and has a second long history hotel: Ouerbach Keller Hotel and the story of Faust here left him a deep impression that Ouerbach Keller became The only real place he was involved in the first part of the play "Faust". A massive hemoptysis allowed Goethe to interrupt his studies and returned to Frankfurt on August 28, 1768.
Glorious period
In 1776, Goethe began to serve as the Principality of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (Weimar) as a counselor of the Privy Council and received more political missions. He lived in his garden house (Goethe House) for six years and designed and built the garden around the house in accordance with the park's specifications. He also played an important role in the design of the natural landscape park on the edge of the Diellm in Thüringen. He wrote in his diary: "I want God to make me a gardener or an experimenter, so how happy should I be."
He knew the aristocratic woman Charlotte von Stein. They have maintained a period of ten years of intimate relationship.
In 1779 he was promoted to a pivotal adviser. He accepted the 8-year-old Grand Carmel Auguste, who made his appointment in the miniature country, Weimar, for political reform. In the parliament, Goethe's authority is growing. Politics - even after he ceases to be official - has always been his area of concern.
This year he began to carry out in-depth natural science research.
June 23, 1780, he became Weimar Masonic branch: Amalia (Amalia) branch of the students, June 23, 1781, Goethe became a full member, April 2, 1782 was promoted to president. A few weeks after his promotion, the Amalie branch had to stop working because the Masonic event was hostile.
In 1782 the Grand Duke rented a house on the side of the Frauen plan to Goethe, and in 1792 it was eventually given to Goethe. Here Goethe has been living to death. Women's square side of the garden is also the poet's own construction. (In 1885, after the death of Goethe's last descendants and successors, the house of the woman's square was declared a national museum. After the Second World War, the house was severely damaged, so the gardener and writer Karl Fox Karl Foester came to Weimar and built the garden again.
1777 Goethe made the first trip to the Harz Mountains. On December 10, he boarded the Brocken Hill (der Brocken), which was considered the first winter to climb the peak of the action. In 1783 he carried out a second trip to the Harz Mountains. Since then in 1784 he carried out the third and last trip to the Harz Mountains.
As we all know, Goethe is a great poet, novelist, dramatist and eminent thinker. But few people know that he is a scientific researcher, and many disciplines studied: he engaged in the study of animal and plant morphology, anatomy, colorology, optics, mineralogy, geology, etc., and in individual areas Made a commendable achievement.
In 1784 Goethe found the jaw bone in the human skull. Although the French scientist Weik Dasso had discovered it four years before, but Goethe was done independently without his knowledge.
However, few people know that Goethe is a painter, more accurately, is a very accomplished painter. Goethe's nature is extremely active, his curiosity is very strong. He stretched out his spiritual reach into all areas of human knowledge and knew all the means of the outside world. His wisdom, his diligence, his deep eyes, his keen senses, and his long life of 82 spring and autumn, so that he in different areas - mainly in literary creation - have made Great contribution. In the art of painting, and almost always enthusiastic practice, painted as many as 2700, which is the vast majority of the landscape, including his scientific research drawn when the drawing and his copy of the human body and so on.
In June 1768 Goethe went to Italy to concentrate on the study of the natural sciences. Engaged in painting and literary creation, successively completed the "in the Tory of Igorgainia" and "Lament" and other works, also wrote "Tasso" and "Faust" part of the chapter. At Weimar, only his close attendant and secretary, Philippe Se, knew the destination of his trip. In Italy, Goethe called "Filippo Miller" (Filippo Miller). The first letter he wrote to his family was not dated. To Rome, Goethe only to his friends and relatives to report their own real decisions and plans: he would stay in Italy for a long time.
Goethe described his Italian tour in The Travels of Italy. In 1786 he met the painter in Rome, and in 1787 he traveled with Tianshi and others to Naples. In the same year, the famous oil painting "Goethe in Italy" was born and painted in the paintings of the hills of Rome. Goethe also met Anglie Kaukman.
Old age
1788 back to Weimar only after the theater supervision, politically conservative, artistic pursuit of harmony, quiet classical beauty. After the interaction with Schiller in 1794, with the spread of democracy in Europe, the rise of national movement and the spread of utopian socialism, his thoughts and works also appeared a new leap, completed the "Faust" and other masterpieces.
Goethe's old age, Europe has undergone a series of major historical events: the revolution has set off the climax of the whole European revolution, the advanced country's industrial revolution by leaps and bounds, the workers movement has been the rise of utopian socialism is widely circulated, romantic literature movement throughout All Europe. These circumstances prompted Goethe's eyes to break through the narrow world of Germany, pay more attention to the whole of Europe, and even the world changes, more to accept the new social trends. Which will help him overcome the previous period of ideological narrowness. About 40 years old, Goethe's body becomes stiff and difficult to act. He suffered from severe disc injury and multiple thoracic deformations.
In 1795 he began his friendship with Schiller. Schiller first came to Jena as a professor of history. Their friendship continued until 1805, when Schiller died.
In 1798 Goethe wrote the mourning "plant deformation".
Schiller died a year after Goethe and Christina Faulpius were married. Goethe lived with her from 1789 and had two sons: Auguste.
At the occasion of the princes' congress in Erfurt, Napoleon I met Goethe and awarded him the honorary regiment.
From the beginning of October 1813, Goethe focused on the distant China. He has borrowed more than 10 books on China in the library. Including Chinese travel and Chinese philosophy. He read some Chinese novels and poems through the translation of English and French, such as "good", "jade pear", "flower mind", "ancient wonders" and so on. He - wanted to "good", written as a long poem; read "Zhao orphans" after being inspired, he plans to write a drama. Between 1827 and 1829, he wrote 14 novels titled "The Four Seasons and Twilight", expressing his vision of the ancient kingdom of the East. By touching Chinese literary works, Goethe sees the common things of mankind. In his conversation with assistant Ackerman, he explained his understanding of China: "The Chinese are almost like us in terms of thought, behavior and emotion; they are all more clear and pure than they are here , More moral ... ... "He talked about Chinese literature from German literature and French literature, and then put forward the" world literature ", this new concept. He said: "I am more and more convinced that poetry is the common property of mankind.With the era of world literature has come now, everyone should contribute to it as soon as possible." It is worth mentioning that 20 years later, Marx And Engels in the "Communist Manifesto", another idea also put forward the "world literature" this concept.
In 1814 Goethe traveled to the Rhine and Main areas. In 1817 he began writing "the history of my botanical research", founded the "talk on natural science, especially morphology" magazine (until 1824). Form a friendship with mineralogist, botanist Steinberg and musician.
March 22, 1832 11:30, Thursday, Goethe died. His last words are: "Give me more lights!" This reflects his optimism as a great writer. March 26 buried in the princes cemetery.
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