英语周报2017高考模拟试题(2)
C
My father was, by nature, a cheerful, kindly man. Until he was thirty-four years old he worked as a farm-hand for Thomas Butterworth near the town of Bidwell, Ohio. On Saturday evenings he drove his horse into town to spend a few hours in social intercourse with other farm-hands. He was quite happy in his position in life.
It was in his thirty-fifth year that father married my mother, a school teacher. Something happened to the two people. The American passion for getting up in the world took possession of them. Mother induced father to give up his place as a farm-hand, sell his horse and start an independent enterprise of his own. They rented ten acres of poor stony land and launched into chicken raising.
One inexperienced in such matters can have no idea of the many and tragic things that can happen to a chicken. It is born out of an egg, lives for a few weeks as a tiny fluffy thing, then becomes naked, gets diseases, and dies. A few hens, and now and then a rooster, intended to serve God’s mysterious ends, struggle through to maturity. The hens lay eggs out of which come other chickens and the awful cycle is thus made complete. It is all unbelievably complex. Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms. One hopes for so much from a chicken and is so awfully disappointed. Small chickens, look so bright and in fact so awfully stupid. They are so much like people they mix one up in one’s judgments of life. If disease does not kill them they wait until your expectations are thoroughly aroused and then walk under the wheels of a carriage.
In later life I have seen how a literature has been built up on the subject of fortunes to be made out of the raising of chickens. It is intended to be read by the gods who have just eaten of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. It is a hopeful literature and declares that much may be done by simple ambitious people who own a few hens. Do not be misguided by it. It was not written for you. Go hunt for gold on the frozen hills of Alaska, put your faith in the honesty of a politician, believe if you will that good will defeat evil, but do not read and believe the literature that is written concerning the hen.
For ten years my father and mother struggled to make our chicken farm pay and then they gave up that struggle and began another. They moved into the town of Bidwell, Ohio and began the restaurant business, with the tiny hope of looking for a new place from which to start on our upward journey through life.
61. Which of the following is the right order of what happened?
a. Father got married to Mother, a school teacher.
b. Father quitted working at Butterworth’s.
c. My parents launched a business in Bidwell.
d. Father socialized in town on Saturday evenings
e. My parents started their job of chicken farming.
A. d-a-b-e-c B. d-a-c-b-e C. d-b-a-e-c D. d-b-a-c-e
62. By saying “Most philosophers must have been raised on chicken farms”, the author means that chicken farming _____.
A. is so complex that only philosophers can comprehend it
B. gives you a philosophical insight into life
C. exposes you to a complete circle of life
D. allows you the time to judge the life
63. In the author’s opinion, the literature about chicken raising _____.
A. is full of hope and positive energy
B. proves the victory of good over evil
C. persuades you to believe in politicians
D. tends to be blindly optimistic about its rewards
64. What’s the author’s attitude towards parents’ dream of rise to success?
A. approving B. optimistic C. skeptical D. indifferent
D
A four-year-old girl sees three biscuits divided between a stuffed crocodile and a teddy bear. The crocodile gets two; the bear one. “Is that fair?” asks the experimenter. The girl judges that it is not. “How about now?” asks the experimenter, breaking the bear’s single biscuit in half. The girl cheers up: “Oh yes, now it’s fair. They both have two.” Strangely, children feel very strongly about fairness, even when they hardly understand it.
Adults care about fairness too --- but how much? One way to find out is by using the ultimatum (最后通牒) game, created by economist Werner Guth. Jack is given a pile of money and proposes how it should be divided with Jill. Jill can accept Jack’s “ultimatum”, otherwise the deal is off, and neither gets anything.
Suppose Jack and Jill don’t care about fairness, just about accumulating cash. Then Jack can offer Jill as little as he likes and Jill will still accept. After all, a little money is more than no money. But imagine, instead, that Jack and Jill both care only about fairness and that the fairest outcome is equality. Then Jack would offer Jill half the money; and Jill wouldn’t accept otherwise.
What happens when we ask people to play this game for real? It turns out that people value fairness a lot. Anyone offered less than 20-30% of the money is likely to reject it. Receiving an unfair offers makes us feel sick. Happily, most offers are pretty equitable; indeed, by far the most common is a 50-50 split.But children, and adults, also care about a very different sort of (un)fairness, namely cheating. Think how many games of snakes and ladders have ended in arguments when one child “accidentally” miscounts her moves and another child objects. But this sense of fairness isn’t about equality of outcome: games inevitably have winners and losers. Here, fairness is about playing by the rules.
Both fairness-as-equality and fairness-as-no-cheating matter. Which is more important: equality or no-cheating? I think the answer is neither. The national lottery(彩票), like other lotteries, certainly doesn’t make the world more equal: a few people get rich and most people get nothing. Nevertheless, we hope, it is fair --- but what does this mean? The fairness-as-no-cheating viewpoint has a ready answer: a lottery is fair if it is conducted according to the “rules”. But which rules? None of us has the slightest idea, I suspect. Suppose that buried in the small print at lottery HQ is a rule that forbids people with a particular surname (let’s say, Moriarty). So a Ms Moriarty could buy a ticket each week for years without any chance of success.
How would she react if she found out? Surely with anger: how dare the organisers let her play, week after week, without mentioning that she couldn’t possibly win! She’d reasonably feel unfairly treated because ___________________.
To protest(抗议) against unfairness, then, is to make an accusation of bad faith. From this viewpoint, an equal split between the crocodile and the bear seems fair because (normally, at least), it is the only split they would both agree to. But were the girl to learn that the crocodile doesn’t like biscuits or that the bear isn’t hungry, I suspect she’d think it perfectly fair for one toy to take the whole. Inequality of biscuits (or anything else) isn’t necessarily unfair, if both parties are happy. And the unfairness of cheating comes from the same source: we’d never accept that someone else can unilaterally(单方面地) violate agreements that we have all signed up to.
So perhaps the four-year-old’s intuitions(直觉) about fairness is the beginnings of an understanding of negotiation. With a sense of fairness, people will have to make us acceptable offers (or we’ll reject their ultimatums) and stick by the (reasonable) rules, or we’ll be on the warpath. So a sense of fairness is crucial to effective negotiation; and negotiation, over toys, treats etc, is part of life.
65. It can be inferred that in the ultimatum game, _____.
A. Jack keeps back all the money
B. Jill can negotiate fair division with Jack
C. Jack has the final say in the division of money
D. Jill has no choice but to accept any amount of money
66. From Paragraph 2 to 4, we can conclude _____.
A. people will sacrifice money to avoid unfairness
B. fairness means as much to adults as to children
C. something is better than nothing after all
D. a 30-70 split is acceptable to the majority
67. Which of the following does fairness-as-no-cheating apply to?
A. divisions of housework B. favoritism between children
C. banned drugs in sport D. schooling opportunities
68. Which of the following best fits in the blank in Paragraph 7?
A. the lottery didn’t follow the rules B. she was cheated out of the money
C. the lottery wasn’t equal at all D. she would never have agreed to those rules
69. The chief factor in preventing unfairness is to _____.
A. observe agreements B. establish rules
C. strengthen morality D. understand negotiation
70. The main purpose of the passage is to ______
A. declare the importance of fairness B. suggest how to achieve fairness
C. present different attitudes to fairness D. explain why we love fairness
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Amazon’s Top 100 book list changes hourly, but two coloring books for grownups are the mainstays right now.
An artist named Johanna Basford pretty much owns two slots of the top seven books on Amazon, next to household names like Erik Larson and Dr. Phil. But Basford’s books aren’t novels --- they’re collections of black-and-white drawings. The artist, who graduated from design school in 2005 and is based in Scotland, has turned her lovely ink drawings into coloring books “for grownups.” And they’re wildly popular, selling millions of copies.
What is it about these books that has made them so popular with adults? Basford told me that when she first suggested to publishers the idea of a grownup coloring book four years ago, “colouring for adults wasn’t the trend it is now. You can imagine how quiet they went after I suggested it.”But the book she ended up drawing has become a phenomenon: 2013’s Secret Garden: An Inky Treasure Hunt and Coloring Book is currently #2 on Amazon’s Top 100 and has sold 1.4 million copies. The followup, Enchanted Forest: An Inky Quest & Coloring Book, is #6 right now. Why is coloring suddenly a craze amongst grownups?
Basford pointed to some reasons --- first, that coloring books are a way for adults who don’t normally draw or paint to be creative. “A blank sheet of paper can be discouraging, but a colouring book acts as a bit of a buffer(缓冲) in this situation,” she says.
Second, coloring books don’t require anywhere near as much logical thought as, say, drawing a portrait. There are psychological benefits, too:
“I’ve heard from so many people ranging from lawyers, financial advisers, business owners and busy mums, all say the same thing: that colouring helps them relax. Then there’re people who are recovering from illness or dealing with a difficult time in their lives, they too find the calming effects of colouring is beneficial to them.”
What’s so striking about Secret Garden and Enchanted Forest is that they’ve managed to stay at the top of Amazon’s best seller list as physical books, alongside those that can be instantly downloaded and read. Basford hears that too: She points out that her books are an activity that can be done without the help of your wifi router. “It’s a chance to unplug, look away from the screens and do something fun,” she says. Maybe Basford has plugged into a vast and unacknowledged desire to really, actually do nothing --- to let the brain take over, without the technology.
Secret Garden & Enchanted Forest
第五部分：书面表达(满分25分)
81. 请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
A netizen wrote on Weibo on Sept 11 regarding a couple’s shameful behavior of carving their names on a 300-year-old vat at the Palace Museum and called for the museum to report the case to the police.
The post caused a heated discussion online. Some criticized the offending behavior, saying, “I don’t want to visit the Palace Museum only to find relics being carved by immoral tourists.” Others said it is common that ancient relics in Palace Museum are being damaged and laws should be introduced.Apart from random carvings, the Palace Museum has met several cases of shameful behaviors this year. In March open-air relics were trampled(踩踏) and in May unclothed models were photographed riding on ancient relics in the museum’s courtyard.
Similar incidents take place every year. In 2013, a visitor named Liang Qiqi cut “Liang Qiqi has come here” on a vat in the tourist attraction, causing a mass internet hunting. Worse still, in 2013, a Chinese boy carved his name on a stone sculpture at an ancient temple in Egypt and produced widespread reaction worldwide.
【写作内容】1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析这种行为的不良影响;
3. 从社会和个人两方面谈谈如何提升国民素质(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 不必写标题。
英语周报2017高考模拟试题参考答案
听力：
1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ABACC 11-15 BACAC 16-20 ABBCA
单选选择：
21-25 CDAAB 26-30 CCAAB 31-35 ACBDD
完型填空：
36-40 CABBD 41-45 CDACB 46-50 DACCA 51-55 DADBC
阅读理解：
56-57 DB 58-60 CCB 61-64 ABDC 65-70 CACDAB
任务型阅读：
71. living / working 72. ranks / comes 73. disapproval / disagreement(s) / objection(s)
74. contained 75. Adults / Grownups 76. e-books 77. hit / success 78. encourage 79. calmness / peace / relaxation 80. chance / possibility
书面表达：
The passage presents some news about Chinese tourists’ uncivilized actions in scenic spots. They show disrespect for and even do damage to cultural relics. Such offending behaviors have triggered intense criticism and accusation.
Such uncivilized behaviors can have serious consequences. For one thing, they will damage the original beauty of historic relics and even distort the message they carry. For another, with the exposure of these scandals worldwide, China’s national image is without doubt spoiled despite a civilization of thousands of years.
Therefore, it’s an urgent issue to improve the qualities of the whole nation. The government should strengthen supervision and impose severe punishment for such behaviors. Besides, it’s vital to educate individuals about the importance of preserving historic sites and to encourage them to behave themselves wherever they travel. In a word, it calls for joint efforts from the government and ordinary people to maintain and establish a good reputation of civilization.
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