委内瑞拉对华政策的演化发展探析论文
摘 要
随着中国与拉美发展中国家国际交往的不断深入，双方在政治、经贸、文化和科技合作等方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。本文选取了近年来与中国持续保持良好发展态势的委内瑞拉作为研究对象，通过研究二十世纪末至今委内瑞拉对华政策的演化发展趋势，结合不同时期委内瑞拉国际国内形势和中委关系的具体表现，深入分析影响委内瑞拉对华政策的各方面因素，提出了关于中委关系的合理判断。
二十一世纪以来，中国与委内瑞拉政治互信不断增强，经贸合作成绩斐然，各领域合作开展顺利，中委双边关系已经成为中国与拉美交往的重点双边关系之一，并将对未来中国与拉美交往产生积极作用。委内瑞拉作为拉美地区的大国和强国，当前与中国形成的合作关系是国内国际多重因素共同作用的结果，其中既有偶然因素也有必然因素，可以说是当今国际社会双边关系中一个特色鲜明的实例。
但是，建立在政府主导层面上的中委合作如希实现长期、稳定的发展，对委内瑞拉而言，必须进一步开放合作领域，借助中国的投资改善国内的民生，弥补轻工业短板，照顾国内中产阶级利益，维护社会稳定;对中国而言，既需要与委内瑞拉政府保持密切合作，维护中国在委内瑞拉当地投资的利益，多方面拓展合作渠道，同时也要广泛接触委内瑞拉包括反对派政党在内的社会各界，了解多方诉求，最大程度提高抵抗委内瑞拉国内局势突变的能力，实现中国利益在委内瑞拉的最大化。
本文为研究中国与拉美发展中国家关系提出了一个实例，也为分析判断中国与委内瑞拉关系提供了有益参考。
关键词： 委内瑞拉 对华政策 查韦斯 马杜罗 影响
Abstract
As the international exchanges between China and Latin American countries getsconstantly enhanced, remarkable achievements have been made in the bilateralcooperation between these two sides in fields of politics, economics and trade, culture,science and technology, etc. This paper chooses Venezuela, the country that has beenmaintaining sound relationship development with China in recent years, as the objectof study. Through research on the evolution of Venezuela's policy towards China fromthe end of 20thCentury till now, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of variousfactors affecting Venezuela's policy towards China by studying both its internal andexternal situations during different periods of time as well as Sino-Venezuelarelationship, and has made rational judgment on Sino-Venezuela relationship.
Since the 21stCentury, political mutual trust between China and Venezuela has beenconstantly reinforced and cooperation in various fields are all going well, in particular,the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has been growingremarkably. Sino-Venezuela bilateral relationship has become one of the highlights ofSino-Latin American relations, and it will play a positive role in the futuredevelopment of Sino-Latin American exchanges. As a major strong power of the LatinAmerican area, Venezuela's current relation of cooperation with China is the result ofmultiple factors, including domestic and international factors, with both randomcauses and inevitabilities. It's fair to say that it's a very distinctive case of bilateralrelationship in today's international community.
However, for the government-dominated Sino-Venezuela cooperation to realizelong-term sustainable growth, both sides have a long way to go. Venezuela needs tofurther open up to China, and capitalize on Chinese investment to improve people'slivelihood, make up for its weakness in light industry, look after interests of domesticmiddle-class, and safeguard its social stability. China needs to maintain closecooperation with the Venezuelan government, protect the interests of Chineseinvestment in Venezuela, and expand extensively the cooperation channels; whileChina also needs to reach out to all social sectors in Venezuela, opposition politicalparties included, so as to hear the demands voiced by all parties, maximize itscapacity to respond to possible domestic upheavals in Venezuela, and maximizeChina's interests in Venezuela.
This paper provides a solid example for the further study of Sino-Latin Americarelations, as well as a valuable reference for analytical judgment on Sino-Venezuelarelationship.
Key Words: Venezuela, Policy towards China, Chavez, Maduro,Influence
目 录
绪论
第一节 选题目的与意义
第二节 国内外研究动态
第三节 研究思路
第一章 委内瑞拉国内政治与外交政策
第一节 委内瑞拉国内政治体制特点及演变
第二节 委内瑞拉外交决策机构
第三节 查韦斯执政以后的委内瑞拉内政外交政策变化
第四节 小结
第二章 委内瑞拉对华政策的发展与变化
第一节 历史上的委内瑞拉对华政策
第二节 查韦斯执政以后的委对华政策变化
第四节 小结
第三章 影响委内瑞拉对华政策的决定性因素
第一节 国际体系及拉美地区政局变化
一、中国国际地位的提升提高了委内瑞拉对中国的重视程度
二、“拉美向左转”地区整体变化为中委关系营造了区域环境
三、委内瑞拉与美国的关系客观上影响中委关系的发展
第二节 委内瑞拉政治稳定和经济发展的需要
第三节 领导人的个人因素
一、查韦斯的个人因素
二、马杜罗的个人因素
第四节 小结
第四章 案例分析
第一节 案例：奥里诺科石油项目
第二节 案例分析
结论
参考文献
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