路由器的一般配置和简单调试(3)
外型尺寸的选择
如果网络已完成楼宇级的综合布线，工程要求网络设备上机式集中管理，应选择19英寸宽的机架式路由器，如Cisco2509、华为2501(配置同Cisco2501)。如果没有上述需求，桌面型的路由器如Intel的8100和Cisco的1600系列，具有更高的性能价格比。
协议的选择
由于最初局域网并没先出标准后出产品，所以很多厂商如Apple和IBM都提出了自己的标准，产生了如AppleTalk和IBM协议，Novell公司的网络操作系统运行IPX/SPX协议，在连接这些异构网络时需要路由器对这些协议提供支持。Intel9100系列和9200系列的路由器可提供免费支持，3Com的系列路由产品也提供较广泛的协议支持。
路由器作为网络设备中的“黑匣子”，工作在后台。用户选择路由器时，多从技术角度来考虑，如可延展性、路由协议互操作性、广域数据服务支持、内部ATM支持、SAN集成能力等。另外，选择路由器还应遵循如下基本原则：即标准化原则、技术简单性原则、环境适应性原则、可管理性原则和容错冗余性原则。对于高端路由器，更多的还应该考虑是否和如何适应骨干网对网络高可靠性、接口高扩展性以及路由查找和数据转发的高性能要求。高可靠性、高扩展性和高性能的“三高”特性是高端路由器区别于中、低端路由器的关键所在。
CISCO路由器初始配置简介
很多初学路由器知识的网友对路由器的初始配置可能感到很陌生,本人在初学时也很困惑,因为一下出来很多提问不知如何是好,下面将最近刚调试的一台CISCO3640的初始配置整理出来与各位网友交流,如有疏漏之处,还请大家指正。
1.用CISCO随机带CONSOLE线,一端连在CISCO路由器的CONSOLE口,一端连在计算机的COM口。
2.打开电脑,启动超级终端.为您的连接取个名字,比如CISCO_SETUP,下一步选定连接时用COM1,下一步选定第秒位数9600,数据位8,奇偶校验无,停止位1,数据流控制无.最后选确定。
3.打开路由器电源,这时超级终端将出现以下画面:
System Bootstrap, Version 11.1(20)AA2, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.C3600 processor with 32768 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with parity disabled
program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x4ed478 Self decompressing the image :
[OK]
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3640-I-M), Version 12.1(2)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 16-May-00 12:26 by ccai
Image text-base: 0x600088F0, data-base: 0x60924000
cisco 3640 (R4700) processor (revision 0x00) with 24576K/8192K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 25125768
R4700 CPU at 100Mhz, Implementation 33, Rev 1.0
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Serial network interface(s)
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.
125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y
您是否进入初始化配置对话,选Y
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity
for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface on the system
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n
您是否进入基本配置安装,选N
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: y
首先,您是否看一下当前端口状态
Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0unassigned NO unset up down
Serial0/0 unassigned NO unset down down
FastEthernet0/1unassigned NO unset up down
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]:RouterA
输入路由器的名字
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to
privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: aaa
输入密文
The enable password is used when you do not specify an
enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
some boot images.
Enter enable password: bbb
输入密码(不能和密文相同)
The virtual terminal password is used to protect
access to the router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: ccc
输入虚拟终端的密码(以备远程登录)
Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]: n
配置简单网管吗?选N
Configure IP? [yes]: y
配置IP吗?选Y
Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: n
配置IGRP路由选择协议吗?选N
Configure RIP routing? [no]:
配置IGRP路由选择协议吗?选N
Configure bridging? [no]:
配置桥接吗?选N
Async lines accept incoming modems calls. If you will have
users dialing in via modems, configure these lines.
Configure Async lines? [yes]: n
配置异步线路吗?选N
Configuring interface parameters:
Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/0 interface? [yes]: y
您是否想配置fastethernet0/0接口?选Y
Use the 100 Base-TX (RJ-45) connector? [yes]: y
用RJ45的连接器吗?选Y
Operate in full-duplex mode? [no]: y
选用全双工模式?选Y
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: y
在这个接口上配置IP吗?选Y
IP address for this interface: 192.168.0.1
配置该接口的IP地址(在此地址为192.168.0.1
Subnet mask for this interface [255.255.255.0] :
配置该接口的子网掩码.(默认的是255.255.255.0,可以手工输入修改)
Class C network is 192.168.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24
Do you want to configure Serial0/0 interface? [yes]: y
您想配置serial0/0接口吗?选Y
Some supported encapsulations are
ppp/hdlc/frame-relay/lapb/x25/atm-dxi/smds
Choose encapsulation type [hdlc]: