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高二英语的语法知识点的总结介绍

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  在英语的学习中,语法是比较重要的,下面学习啦的小编将为大家带来高二英语的语法的知识点总结介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。

  高二英语的语法知识点的总结

  主谓一致

  1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。(最基本的)

  2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

  但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。

  3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。

  4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with ,along with,like 等引导的介词短语时 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

  注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。

  5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。

  6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。

  7、 当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

  The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》

  8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.

  9、the +形容词(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数

  10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。

  11、由连词notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。

  12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

  13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。

  14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

  注意:在one of +复数名词+ who/that/which引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only, 就用复数形式。

  省略

  (有个表格:见英语选修6附录)

  Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

  以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。

  Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

  关系词的省略 关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

  Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

  1、 当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。

  2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中,谓语动词常用should+动词原形,should可以省略。

  Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

  1、 感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。

  2、 在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。

  Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

  用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,Im afraid等连用。

  倒装

  1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装:

  2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装:

  注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

  3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动,句子用全部倒装:

  注:如果主语是代词则不用倒装。

  4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时,要部分倒装:

  注:①主句倒装,从句不倒装。

  ②Only+主语置于句首时,不倒装。

  5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时,要部分倒装:

  6.在no soonerthan; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcely when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒装:

  注:not onlybut also, neithernor连接两个主语不倒装。

  7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定时,要全部倒装:

  I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.

  She is a teacher, so am I.

  8.so/suchthat句型中,把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时,主句要部分倒装:

  9.as引导的让步状语从句,常把表语、状语置于主首,用倒装:

  注:如果表语是单数可数名词,该词前一般不加冠词。

  Child as he is, he knows a lot.

  10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时,用倒装:

  11. Such作表语放在句首时,表示强调,用倒装:

  12. 为了保持句子平衡,或使上下文连接更紧,可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前,用全部倒装语序。

  过去分词与现在分词

  一、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式)

  现在分词的构成

  主动语态 被动语态

  一般式 doing being done

  完成式 having done having been done

  过去分词的构成:done

  二、过去分词的用法

  过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式。

  过去分词用法如下:

  1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面。

  2.作表语

  3.作宾语补足语

  4.作状语

  三、现在分词的用法

  1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面,它的功用相当于定语从句。

  2. 作表语

  3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。

  注1:上述句子也可以变为被动式。如:Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.

  注2:复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了,指事物的全过程;分词则表示动作正在进行。

  Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心,总会走好运。

  高中英语过去将来时的知识点

  1. 过去将来时的定义

  过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如:

  He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周星期五来这儿。

  I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时它会帮助我们。

  2. 过去将来时的结构

  (1) would + 动词原形。如:

  She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。

  When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 过去当你请她帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。

  (2) was / were going to + 动词原形。如:

  He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。

  He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要拍我去火车站接她

  (3) was / were to + 动词原形。如:

  The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。

  Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。

  (4) was / were about to + 动词原形。如:

  We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时,天突然下起了大雨。

  He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响起来了。

  (5) was / were +现在分词。如:

  He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。

  We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。

  3. 过去将来时的用法

  (1) 过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:

  He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们呆在一起。

  He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。

  (2) 过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中,如:

  If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话,我就不会那样做。

  If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。

  4. 拓展

  was / were going to + 动词原形;was / were to + 动词原形;was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。如:

  The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。

  We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。

  I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告诉他时,吴东进来了。


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