英语单项填空陷阱题分类透析与演练及阅读五大技巧

英语单项填空陷阱题分类透析与演练及阅读五大技巧

　　高二是高中学习的关键时期，不仅课程任务重，而且很大程度上决定着学生今后的发展方向，以及能否考入理想的大学。有着丰富教学经验的老师，向大家传授高二各学科学习技巧，希望对高二学生掌握良好的学习方法、提高学习效率有所帮助。以下是英语学科的主要学习方法。

　　如何提升你的英语阅读的五大技巧

　　当你必须要阅读英文时，你是否冒冷汗呢?刚开始阅读一篇文章夹杂著不认识的词汇是会有压迫感的，甚至对于非常有自信的读者也是一样。下面有五个有效的技巧可以帮助你的阅读成为很有收获的经验而非患得患失。

　　事前的准备

　　不要匆忙的就直接阅读。在你开始阅读前，先看一下标题及图片。这将给予你对于主题有很好的想法 , 并想想你已经得知的讯息。下一步，推测一下这篇文章在说什么,想想你要学什么，然后写下大概遇到的问题。为阅读自我准备是一种让你预测到下一页的方式。

　　第一次的接触

　　现在你已经对于主题有一般的了解，你可以开始你的阅读了。开始后就不要停止阅读全篇文章。你目前不需要担心细节, 刚开始的时候，你应该试著抓到主旨在说什么, 这就是skimming。当你阅读完全部文章后，想想看你理解并且记住了多少。

　　详细的阅读

　　还记得你先前写下的那些问题吗?现在正是寻找答案的时候了。请再阅读一下文章，但是这一次需要慢一点及小心一点了。寻找一下跟你的问题有关的任何词汇或句子。这就是scanning。如果你看到任何东西你认为有兴趣或是重要的，那就用笔注记起来。一旦你完成了，你对于文章应该更了解。

　　词汇、词汇、词汇!

　　你不需要了解每一个词汇来了解文章在说什么。找出你不知道的关键字或句子然后试著写下来。但是请不要现在就拿起字典来!试著利用文章上下文来猜词汇。在你已经猜过之后，那就拿起字典来查看你到底猜对程度多少。你一定会感到莫名的惊喜的!

　　最后的阅读

　　在这个时候，你应该更清楚这篇文章在说什么了。再阅读一次。你现在可以专注任何陌生的文法架构或句子型态上。当你完成一切动作后，坐下来想一想你今天学到的东西。现在再看看其实没有那么难嘛，不是吗?

　　翻译：

　　Do you break out into a sweat when you have to read in English? Staring at a page full of unfamiliar words can be overwhelming, even for the most confident of readers. Here are five useful tips that can help make reading a rewarding experience rather than a dreaded chore.

　　Be prepared

　　Never rush straight into reading. Before you begin, look at the title and any pictures. This will give you a good idea of the topic. Think about what you already know. Next, predict what the reading will be about. Think about what you want to learn and write down any questions you may have. Preparing yourself for the reading in this way will get you started before the first page is even turned.

　　At first sight

　　Now that you've got a general idea of the topic, you can begin. Read the entire text over once without stopping. Don't worry about the details just yet. In the beginning, all you should be trying to do is get a feeling for the main idea. This is called skimming. When you're done, think about how much you've understood and remembered.

　　It's all in the details

　　Remember those questions you wrote down before? Now it's time to find the answers. Read the text again, but this time, read it slowly and carefully. Look for any words or phrases that relate to your questions. This is called scanning. If you come across anything else that's interesting and important, underline that too. Once you're finished, you should have a fuller understanding of the text.

　　Words, words, words!

　　You don't have to understand every single word to understand the text. Pick out key words or phrases you don't know and write them down. But don't reach for the dictionary just yet! Try to guess the word's meaning from context - the words or phrases around it. After you've taken a guess, go ahead and use the dictionary to see how close you were. You might be pleasantly surprised!

　　Final reading

　　By this time, you should be familiar with the text. Read it one more time. You can now focus on any unusual grammar structures or sentence styles. When you've finished, sit back and think about everything you've just learned. That wasn't so difficult, was it?

　　英语单项填空陷阱题分类透析与演练

　　1.思维定势型

　　思维定势是指人们在长期的思维过程中所形成的一种固定的思维模式。它是一把双刃剑，如果运用得当，它可以帮助考生将考题内容与以前所学知识迅速联系起来，并在短时间内调集解决问题所需的相关知识进行分析、推理，并很快得出正确的结论;但若运用不当，它便会误导考生掉入命题人所预设的陷阱，得出错误的结论。

　　例1 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ______ in my study.

　　A. locking

　　B. locked

　　C. to lock

　　D. to be locked

　　解析：答案为B，但考生易误选A，以为是考查spend...(in)doing结构。其实，不是“锁门”花去了三小时，而是“将自己锁在书房里度过了三小时”，用过去分词短语作伴随状语。

　　2.规则硬套型

　　就是指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，从而错误地作出选择。

　　例2 He made up his mind to devote his life ______pollution______ happily.

　　A. to prevent, to live 　 B. to prevent, from living

　　C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, living

　　解析：答案为C，但易误选B，认为第一空应填to，是不定式符号，第二空是prevent... (from) doing sth.是固定搭配。其实devote ... to ... (把……奉献给……)中的to是介词，接-ing形式;第二空也不是“阻止污染过上幸福生活”，而是“为了过上幸福生活而阻止污染”，用不定式作目的状语。

　　3.母语干扰型

　　学外语最忌母语干扰，但由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识产生负面影响。命题者也往往利用这一点，制造陷阱。

　　例3　I’ll come to see you if______.

　　A. you’re convenient

　　B. it is convenient for you

　　C. you feel convenient

　　D. it is convenient with you

　　解析：答案为B，但易误选A或C，因为按汉语意思，“如果你方便的话”，易直译为if you are convenient或if you feel convenient。但事实上，英语中表示“如果你方便的话”，通常说if it is convenient for(to)you。