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高一英语必修1Unit2知识梳理、重点词汇解析人教版(3)

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  (1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和,否则就用 that is或 namely。

  (2)for example 主要用于举例说明,其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。

  (3)that is 相当于 namely,它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。

  (4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用...and so on进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出了。

  [应用2] (1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________, Chinese, maths, English and P.E.

  (2)Overcooking, ____________, destroys many nutrients.

  (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.

  (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.

  3. especially/ specially

  【解释】

  especially意思是“尤其,特别”,表达事物的不寻常或特别重要

  specially 指为了某一目的,专门做某事

  【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

  1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我们城市很美丽,尤其在春天。

  2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。

  答案: 1). especially 2). specially

  4 a number of / the number of

  【解释】

  a number of意思是“若干;许多”

  the number of意思是“……的数目”

  【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

  1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.

  2). ____________ books in the market are in English.

  答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of

  II词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)

  1. actual adj. 实际的 actually adv. 实际上;事实上

  2. base n. 基地;基础 base v. 以……为根据 basic adj. 基本的

  3. east n. 东方 eastern adj. 东方的;东部的

  【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空

  1) What did he _________ say? (actual)

  2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)

  3)My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base)

  4)She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base)

  5)This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base)

  6)He is interested in ________ customs. (determine)

  7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine)

  答案: 1) actually 2) actual 3) basic 4) base

  5) based 6) eastern 7) east

  重点词汇

  1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的;目前的vt. 赠送

  [典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。

  3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况,我建议你等等。

  [重点用法]

  at present=at the present time=now 目前,现在

  be present at 出席;到场(反义: be absent from)

  present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人

  [练习] 中译英

  1). 所有(那些)在场者一眼就看出那个错误。

  2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。

  答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.

  2). This book was a present from my brother.

  2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握

  1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。

  [重点用法]

  command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制

  be in command of 控制… be at one’s command 听任某人支配

  have / take command of… 指挥…

  [特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气

  [练习] 用适当的介词填空

  1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.

  2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.

  3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.

  答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of

  3. request n.& v. 请求;要求

  [典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.

  2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。

  [重点用法]

  request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事

  request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事

  ⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.

  ⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.

  ⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.

  [练习] 中译英。

  1). 我是(特别)应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。

  答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.

  扩展===联想:像command一样,其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有:

  一个“坚持(insist)”;

  两个“命令(order,command)”;

  三个“建议(suggest,advise,propose)”;

  四个“要求(demand,ask,require,request)”;

  4. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认;公认

  [典例]

  1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。

  2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。

  [重点用法]

  recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是

  recognize…to be承认…是 recognize +宾语从句 意识到;承认

  [练习] 中译英 1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。

  2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。

  答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.

  2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.

  5. straight adj.笔直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直

  [典例] 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。

  2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。

  [练习] 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。

  答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.

  6. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块

  [典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.

  2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了

  [重点用法]

  a block of 一大块 block out 堵住 block off 封锁;封闭 block up 堵塞;阻碍

  [练习] 中译英

  1). 他们在绕楼群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。

  答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block.

  2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.

  7、actually adv. 实际上;事实上

  相近词汇:in fact\as a matter of fact

  8.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地

  9..native adj. 本地的,出生地的;天赋的

  n. 本地人;出生于某国的人

  be native to... 原产于某地

  one’s native country/land 本国,祖国

  native place 出生地

  one’s native language 本国语,本族语,母语

  a native of 当地人/产于……的动/植物

  [即学即练1] (1)China is our ____________, and Chinese is our ____________.

  中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母语。

  (2)The tiger __________________ India.这种虎产于印度。

  (3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。

  答案.native country; native language;is native to;a native of

高一英语必修1Unit2知识梳理、重点词汇解析人教版(3)

(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于
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