大学英语必备知识点
大学英语必备知识点
英语作为一门国际性语言，其地位的重要性不容忽视。大学英语有哪些必备的知识点?下面学习啦小编给你分享大学英语必备知识点，欢迎阅读。
大学英语写作必备知识点
1.记叙文的展开
(1) Considering purpose and audience: keep in mind that your story should deal with an event or a topic that will appeal to your audience.
(2) Development through prewriting: freewriting is a helpful prewriting technique. As you think about the story you want to relate, many ideas will crowd into your mind.
(3) Development through revising.
——摘自《美国大学英语写作》
2.描写性文章的展开：选准话题，考虑读者
The main purpose of a descriptive essay is to make readers see or hear, taste, smell or feel—what you are writing about. Vivid details are the key to descriptive essays, enabling your audience to picture and experience what you describe. As you start to think about your own descriptive essay, choose a topic that appeals to at least one of your senses. When selecting your topic, consider how much your audience already knows about it. Once you have selected your topic, focus on the goal or purpose of your essay.
——摘自《美国大学英语写作》
3.写作前的准备工作，应该考虑的一些问题
(1)Understanding the nature and length of an assignment;
(2)Knowing your subject;
(3)Knowing your purpose and audience;
(4)Determining your point of view;
(5)Using peer review;
(6)Doing a personal review.
——摘自《美国大学英语写作》
4.修改短文遵循四个原则
(1)Unity;
(2)Support;
(3)Coherence;
(4)Sentence skills.
If you advance a single point and stick to that point, your paper will have unity; if you support the point with specific evidence, your paper will have support; if you organize and connect the specific evidence, your paper will have coherence; if you write clear, error-free sentences, your paper will demonstrate effective sentence skills.
——摘自《美国大学英语写作》
5.写作时要评估读者已有知识
When writing an essay, try to remember that your instructor is not the only member of your audience. Although the instructor is often the only person who will read the finished product, customizing a paper to his or her level of knowledge can run the risk of leaving out important information, since many instructors know more about your topic than the average reader would. In addition, omitting information that your instructor already knows can result in a weak or unbalanced paper. However, if you assume that your reader is less knowledgeable than you, you are likely to provide more details and better explanations, which usually results in a much stronger paper.
——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》
6.任务描写的两个目的
Generally speaking, the objective of describing a person is twofold: to portray the person vividly so that readers can imagine what he or she looks like, and to show how the person is significant in your life. Although your writing will reveal something about yourself and your relationship with the person, the focus should remain fixed on the person you are describing—physical appearance, typical behavior, way of speaking, specific anecdotes, etc. For example, suppose that you want to write a descriptive essay about your grandfather. You decide to write about his physical appearance and ways of living. To achieve this, you might describe his rough and gnarled4 hands, a result of his lifelong labor, but you might also describe how he would hold your hands so gently with his rough hands when having a conversation or taking a walk with you.
——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》
7.倒着读，检查文章
Proofreading means checking the final, edited draft of your paper closely for typos and other careless errors. A helpful strategy is to read your paper backward, from the last sentence to the first. This helps keep you from getting caught up in the flow of the paper and missing small mistakes.
——摘自《美国大学英语写作》
8.写记叙文时要注意事件时长
When you write a personal narrative, the duration of the event about which you’re writing becomes a raw resource; you can use it, alter it, and control it. Of course, you could write a “straight” narrative that sticks closely to chronological time, but very few narrative topics work well this way. Think about it: you can read the body paragraphs of a 600-word essay in less than five minutes. Do you want to write your essay about a five-minute life experience? Perhaps, but searching for such a topic would truly restrict your opportunities.
——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》
9.描述过往经验的意义
Why do we write about our past experiences? Perhaps out of nostalgia for the past, or perhaps to make sense of the past. When we write about significant events in our lives, we come to know ourselves better, bringing into focus what’s truly important to us and clarifying our beliefs and values. We also examine the forces—within ourselves and in our social structures—that have shaped our lives. In a word, a personal experience essay can help us explore, deepen, and complicate our perceptions of the world.
——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》
10.名言引用
法国思想家、散文家Montaigne 曾说：“I quote others in order the better to express my own self.”。在英语写作中，恰当地引用至理名言来证明自己文章中的观点更具有说服力，可以使问题和观点的阐述更为深刻有力，有时会取得画龙点晴的效果。引文一定要准确无误，与内容紧密相关，不能断章取义、牵强附会，并要正确地使用标点符号。如果用引语来证明自己的观点，就需要通过转述动词(reporting verb) 用不同的短语和从句把引语自然流畅地融入到自己的论点表述中。
——摘自《新世纪实用英语写作》(第三版)
大学英语翻译必备知识点
1. history of translation in China.
(1) the eastern Han Dynasty ---The Song Dynasty
Buddhism Xuan Zang (佛经)
(2) the Ming Dynasty and the Tsing Dynasty
Technique Ming(Xu Guangqi Mikicci) Tsing(Yan Fu(天演论 Evolution and Ethics) Lin shu) (科技翻译)
(3) after May Forth Movement
literature 鲁迅 (文学翻译)
(4) after 1949 傅雷 钱钟书 杨宪益与戴乃迭 许渊冲
2. 翻译首先是语言活动，也是文化活动
3. 严复提出的翻译标准：信达雅 faithfulness expressiveness elegance
4. 翻译的过程：理解和表达
5. During one four-year peroid about 600 years ago, the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.
6. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
7. 英语属于印欧语系，Indo-European.汉语属于汉藏语系,Han-Tibetan
8. 英语重形合(hypotaxis),汉语重意合(parataxis)
9. read one’s shirt 在衬衫上捉虱子
10. read between the lines 找出言外之意
11. lose one’s shirt 输得精光
12. to take medicine吃药 to suffer losses吃亏 to regret ,feel remorse吃后悔药 to be very popular 吃香to be amazed吃惊 to bear hardships 吃苦a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit吃一堑长一智
13. sell oneself 自我宣传，自荐 on the nose 准确地
14. You bet!不敢当
15. The teacher gave a further explanation of the meaning of the sentence.
16. This style of hat is not popular any longer. You are quite out.
17. I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气，他们利用我赚钱
18. Sphinx is a must for most foreign visitors in Egypt.
19. Government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.一个民有民治民享的政府永远不会消失
20. We must make full use of existing technical equipment.
21. Under no circumstances will we give in.我们绝不退让。
22. The Wall Street is a dog-eat-dog place. 华尔街是个竞争激烈的地方
23. ladybird 瓢虫 love child 私生子 love apple 番茄 small business 小商行
24. dressed to kill 打扮迷人 fortune teller 算命先生
25. a lucky dog 幸运儿
26. a gay dog: be a happy man
27. I am an old dog.我是一把老骨头了。
28. a dog-like affection 忠贞的感情
29. work like a dog 拼命工作
30. every dog has his day
31. dog does not eat dog
32. love me, love my dog
33. white night 不眠之夜
34. white trash 白人下等
35. all in vain 白费事
36. idiot白痴 plain boiled water 白开水
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