英语四级常考知识点
英语四级常考知识点
2017年6月四级考试不到两个月的时间了，你复习好了吗?你知道英语四级有哪些常考的知识点吗?接下来学习啦小编为你整理了英语四级常考知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语四级常考知识点：动词
1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 (having是实义动词。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
(has是助动词。)
3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)
4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如：
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well.
她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。
5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如：
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)
The young ought to take care of the old.
年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)
6)动词有五种形态，分别是：原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。
英语四级常考知识点：代词作主语时的一致
each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.
Each of us has something to say.
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
Has either of them told you?
some, few, both, many 等作复数
some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.
none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:
None of the books are easy enough for us
None of us seem to have thought of it.
None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.
None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.
None of this worries me.
all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数.
由and 或 both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致
Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.
Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致。
There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数.
Cattle are grazing on the pasture.
The police are looking for him.
有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来决定.
His family isn’t very large.
His family are all music lovers.
The committee meets twice a month.
The committee are divided in opinion.
The audience was enormous.
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:
This new series is beginning next month.
These new series are beginning next month.
This species is now extinct.
These species are now extinct.
表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的):
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
One hundred li was covered in a single night.
书名, 国家名用单数:
Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.
many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:
Many a person has had that kind of experience.
More than one person has involved in the case.
a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:
A number of books have been published on the subject.
The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词 +关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式：
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
当one 之前友the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one 而定，即采用单数形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
当one 之前友the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one 而定，即采用单数形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
英语四级常考知识点：副词及其句法功能
一、副词的位置：
1) 在动词之前。
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。
3) 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
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