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高考英语各类题型的解题技巧

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高考英语各类题型的解题技巧

  俗话说:知己知彼,百战百胜,想要英语拿高分,除了对基础知识的掌握程度外,还要熟悉关于英语各类题型的解题技巧。下面由学习啦小编为大家提供关于高考英语各类题型的解题技巧,希望对大家有帮助!

  英语各类题型的解题技巧一、听力

  一、学会预测 预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示,如所给答案选项,段落或对话标题等已有知识,对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。

  1. 从答案选项中预测:

  Q: What does Tom do?

  A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot.

  录音原文: W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 从选项看,问题应是关于职业方面的,再从flew, passengers, airport这些信息词中可知道Tom的职业。

  2. 从说话人口气预测:

  在A,B两人的对话中,如果B是附和或赞成,往往说“Yes”,“I agree”,“Sure”,“I think so”等。但如A用否定句,B表同意时则用“No”,“Neither / Nor?”等。

  例如: A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water.

  二、做简要笔记 听录音时快速,准确,简要地记下有关信息(包括数字,人名,地名,关键词),前提是不要影响跟听速度,采用自己习惯的符号。

  例:How much will the man pay for the tickets?

  A. B. C.

  原文:W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 笔记可简化为:$ 6 A(A代表adult),C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)

  三、听清数据,简要记录,加以运算。

  在获取时间信息时,不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。

  At what time does the train to Leeds leave?

  A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00

  录音原文: W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 对话中提到了三个时间It's 3 now, in 2 hours,in 15 minutes.

  现在是3点,开往Manchester的火车要两小时后才开,即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把3点和2点相加,会得出火车5点才开的错误选项C。

  数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种:

  1. 要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音;辨别多位数,如电话号码,门牌等

  2. 计算时间,钱款,距离,年龄,人或物的数量等;听出数字间的关系,更要听清问题,因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中;注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 记住时间是60进制 如出现几个数字,应注意鉴别问的是那一个。

  例:At what time does the office open?

  A. At 8:15 B. At 8:30 C. At 7:45

  从常识判断,办公时间往往以整点开始,而不会在几点几分。

  听力原文:M: I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.

  四、抓住关键词,对症下药

  听力考试常出现以Where提问的问句,考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。一般来说,特定 场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的,考生要对此多了解,熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work? What’s his job?之类的问题时,就会派上用场。

  如: restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out) hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel airport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car store: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change,bargain, fit school: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playground library: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat 对于前五道简短对话,要根据问题的类型,从第二个讲话者的答语中来捕捉关键词

  如:What’s the man going to do?

  A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.

  根据选项看,对话似乎与bus有关,主要信息捕捉范围是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之间。听音范围明显缩小。

  原文M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leaves for the airport? W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it. 关键词“run”和“catch”正好对上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。

  五、较长对话和短文的理解 抓听首句和首段有助于整体理解文章;结尾部分所给出的信息不一定是题目的正确答案,可能只是一个陷阱;推理思路要正确;语境中抓要点。 独白部分(即第十段材料)可分为四种类型: *人物与故事型:叙述人物的经历和成就,要抓住故事发展线索,所问问题多属事实细节题 *普通知识型:内容涉及面较广,问题以事实细节题居多 *社会科学型:涉及到文化教育,社会治安,代沟问题,就业问题,妇女问题,人口问题,环境保护,国家发展等。问题常涉及独白的主题或题目,故需作推理判 断。 *科普知识型:主要涉及自然科学,如生物,物理,海洋,计算机,医学,气象,科学发明等。如遇专业词汇和术语,可利用语境线索猜词义。

  六、果断选题,学会放弃 相信第一感觉,当机立断,决不能反反复复,甚至影响后面的答题,切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失,不可因一题失多题,造成一步跟不上,步步皆踏空的结 果。 总之,只要掌握基本的听力技巧和方法、排除一切干扰,全身心地投入语境、持之以恒地坚持高考全真模拟听力训练,高考中定能取得理想的成绩。

  英语各类题型的解题技巧二、完形填空

  1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则:从近几年的完形填空题看,近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强,并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近,要不就是近义动词的同 一种时态的现象,或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大,必然文章中藏有提示语,正因如此,往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。

  2. 词语语义与强于语法原则:完型填空题的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再则,单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范 畴,所以,指导学生时,首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则,然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义,再结合正确语言结构对每 个空格作出准确无误的抉择。

  3. 解题四步法原则:

  第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。

  第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。

  第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。

  第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。

  英语各类题型的解题技巧三、短文改错

  短文改错解题思路和检查原则:

  1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;

  2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

  3.非谓语动词的用法;

  4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

  5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

  6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

  7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

  8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则:改动以最少为原则; 虚词以添加或删除为原则; 实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲

  反复通读,复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养:

  1.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。

  2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

  3.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

  短文改错常见错误类型:

  1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改为were,错误类型属于③)

  2. 名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改为subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)

  3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if /whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)

  4. 冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词,故have后加a)

  5. 形容词和副词错误:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用 (形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)

  6. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数 和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)

  7. 非谓语动词的常见错误:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后 要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词,talk改为talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语,read改为reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致,故saw改为seeing)

  8. 介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改为in,in myfamily 为固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引导从句)

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