高中英语过去分词的语法知识点总结

高中英语过去分词的语法知识点总结

　　高中英语的语法知识点过去分词，它可以做状语、可以做表语、也可以做宾补，用法很多，大家都知道吗?下面由学习啦小编为大家提供关于高中英语过去分词的语法知识点总结，希望对大家有帮助!

　　过去分词的语法知识点一、做状语

　　过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

　　Heated , water changes into steam .

　　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

　　1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句

　　Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

　　2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。

　　When heated , water can be changed into steam .

　　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

　　3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句

　　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….

　　Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …

　　4 作方式或伴随状语

　　The actress came in , followed by her fans .

　　She sat by the window , lost in thought .

　　5 作让步状语

　　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….

　　6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。

　　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

　　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

　　Rewrite with proper conjunctions

　　Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

　　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

　　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

　　→When he was asked what had happened, …

　　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

　　→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …

　　3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

　　If we were given more time,

　　4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

　　Once it was translated into Chinese,

　　5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

　　Because she was deeply interested in medicine,

　　6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

　　Although he was left alone at home,

　　现在分词与过去分词作状语

　　现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。

　　Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)

　　选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：

　　Used for a long time, the book looks old.

　　由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

　　Using the book, I find it useful.

　　在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用

　　注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态

　　_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)

　　______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)

　　be lost in

　　be dressed in

　　be interested in

　　be devoted to

　　be supposed to? be caught in the rain

　　be seated in

　　be prepared for

　　be determined to

　　2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构

　　generally speaking　一般说来

　　strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说

　　judging from 从…判断

　　all things considered 从整体来看

　　taking all things into consideration　全面看来

　　例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

　　Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.

　　总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的动作)

　　Practice

　　1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.

　　build frighten trap follow shoot see examine

　　1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.

　　2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.

　　3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.

　　4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.

　　5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.

　　6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.

　　7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.

　　过去分词的语法知识点二、做定语表语

　　单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;

　　过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

　　spoken English

　　= English which is spoken

　　terrified people

　　= the people who are terrified

　　an organized way

　　= a way that is organized

　　affected area 灾区

　　= the area which is affected

　　stolen culture relics

　　= culture relics that had been stolen

　　the book recommended by the teacher

　　= the book which was recommended by the teacher

　　printed articles

　　= articles that are printed

　　1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语

　　2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语

　　3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语

　　4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语

　　Past Participle as the Attribute定语 Past Participle as the Predicative表语

　　1.terrified people1.people who are terrified

　　2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved

　　3.polluted water3.water that is polluted

　　4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded

　　5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased

　　6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished

　　7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken

　　8.a closed door8.a door that is closed

　　9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired

　　10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped

　　There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

　　= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)

　　Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

　　= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

　　(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)

　　及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

　　polluted water

　　= water which is polluted

　　reserved seats

　　= the seats which were reserved

　　trapped animal

　　= the animal which was trapped

　　不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

　　boiled water

　　= water which has boiled

　　fallen leaves

　　= the leaves which have fallen

　　risen sun

　　= the sun which has risen

　　过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

　　The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

　　Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.

　　The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.

　　The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.

　　The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.

　　The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.

　　The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.

　　The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.

　　The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.

　　The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.

　　The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).

　　Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.

　　The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.

　　The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.

　　A. first played B. to be first played

　　C. first playing D. to be first playing

　　①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

　　②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

　　③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。

　　first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.

　　2)作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。

　　The window is broken. 窗户碎了。

　　Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。

　　1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。

　　2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。

　　① The glass is broken.

　　The glass was broken by Tom.

　　② The windows are closed.

　　The windows are closed by Jack.

　　3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,

　　surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。

　　① How did the audience receive the new play?

　　They got very excited.

　　② How did Bob do in the exams this time?

　　Well, his father seems pleased with his results.

　　③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.

　　④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.

　　过去分词的语法知识点三、作宾补

　　英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

　　She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

　　一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

　　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看)

　　Don't leave such an important thing undone.

　　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

　　二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。

　　1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

　　A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"

　　eg: I have had my bike repaired.

　　The villagers had many trees planted just then.

　　B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"

　　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

　　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

　　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

　　2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

　　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

　　I raised my voice to make myself heard.

　　三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

　　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

　　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

　　He felt himself cheated.

　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

　　四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

　　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

　　I would like my house painted white.

　　I want the suit made to his own measure.

　　I wish the problem settled.

　　五、过去分词用在“with +宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

　　The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

　　With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

　　With everything well arranged,he left the office.

　　六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

　　现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

　　过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

　　不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

　　eg:He didn't notice me waiting.

　　I heard the song sung in English.

　　I saw him opening the window.

　　I saw the window opened.

　　I saw him open the window.

　　I heard her sing the song in English.