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九年级英语语法(3)

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九年级英语语法

  九年级英语语法:形容词和副词

  一、形容词的用法:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。也可以放在联系动词后面作表语。

  1.直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。

  That’s a heavy box.(定语) He’s very happy to come here.(表语)

  The good news made me very happy.(宾语补足语)

  2.有些形容词是表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。例如:afraid 害怕的 alone单独,独自 asleep睡着的 ill生病的。

  He is an ill man. (错)   The man is ill. (对)

  She is an afraid girl.(错) The girl is afraid. (对)

  这类形容词还有: well,(身体)好的unwell(身体)不舒适的, alike相象的,alive活着的, awake醒着的等。

  3.形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody 等不定代词时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

  1.)4.形容词使用中应注意的几个问题:

  1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly友好的,lovely可爱的,lonely孤单的,

  lively热闹的,有生气的,活泼的,等仍为形容词。

  She sang lovely. (错) ------ Her singing was lovely. (对)

  He spoke to me very friendly.(错)------ He spoke to me in a very friendly way. -(对)

  * politely, truly, terribly

  2)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 如:The poor are losing hope.

  3)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

  the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

  The English have wonderful sense of humor.

  4.)多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

  限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

  a small round table a dirty old brown shirt

  a tall gray building a famous German medical school  an expensive Japanese sports car

  典型例题:

  1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

  A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two

  答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

  2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

  A. old Chinese stone   B. Chinese old stone  C. old stone Chinese  D. Chinese stone old

  答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

  3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

  ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

  A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

  答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的放在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

  限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+

  those + three + beautiful + large + square

  新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table

  二、副词的用法:副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。

  二、副词的用法:用来修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,在句中做状语。

  三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

  大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词和副词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

  1、掌握比较级和最高级的变化形式:

  1).单音节及部分双音节词加-er, -est (具体构成规则略)

  2.)部分双音节及多音节词前面加 more 或 most; less 或 least构成.

  3.)不规则变化形式:

  原级比较级最高级

  good /wellbetterbest

  bad / badly / illworseworst

  many / muchmoremost

  littlelessleast

  farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest

  oldolder / elderoldest / eldest

  1.)单音节形容词及部分双音节次加-er, est

  2.)部分双音节词及多音节词前面加more, most或less, least构成.

  3.) 不规则变化形式:

  原  级比 较 级最 高 级

  good / wellbetterbest

  bad / badly / illworseworst

  many / muchmoremost

  littlelessleast

  farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest

  oldolder / elderoldest / eldest

  2.使用比较级时要注意的问题:

  1) 在比较级前可以使用下列一些单词或短语加以修饰:

  much, a little, even, far, a bit, still, a lot, 等

  数词 + 量词也可以修饰比较级 如:He is two years younger than I.

  还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。This room is twice as big as that one.

  2)要避免重复使用比较级 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

  (对) He is more clever than his brother.或He is clever than his brother.

  3)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

  (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

  5.)不含than的形容词和副词比较级前可以加不定冠词a, an a / an + 比较级 + 名词

  How fast he runs. I’ve never seen a better runner.

  比较级前加定冠词the表示特指。Tom is the taller of the two brothers.

  6) than 后面可以用主格,也可以用宾格。但有时也有区别。

  I’m taller than he / him. I like the boy than her.--------I like the boy than she.

  3.比较级的常见句型:

  1.)比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越……

  2.) the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…. 越…,就越…

  3.)as…as 和……一样;

  not as / so …as和……不一样;不如……中间用形容词或副词的原级

  4.) like …. better than … 和……相比更喜欢……

  5.)宁可……也不…. Prefer to do sth rather than do sth.

  Prefer to do sth. Prefer doing sth to doing sth.

  6.) more B than A  与其说A,不如说B less A than B

  He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

  7.) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多

  The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

  no less… than… 与……一样…… He is no less diligent than you.

  8.) more than 不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all.

  4.使用最高级时应注意的问题:

  1.)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。

  形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。

  It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.

  使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

  2.)最高级后面的介词in 与 of的区别

  4) 倍数+ as + 形容词 + as + 比较对象

  This bridge is three times as long as that one.

  Your room is twice as large as mine.=Your room is twice the size of mine.

  九年级英语语法:介词

  介词不能单独使用,必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语,在句中做表语,定语、状语、补语等成分。根据介词的用法,通常可以分为:时间、地点、趋向和其他四类介词。

  一、表示时间的介词:

  (1) at 示时刻、时间的某一点 at six, at noon, at half past one, at that time / moment

  on 体的某一天 on Sunday, on Friday afternoon, on a cold morning,

  on the morning of … on March 12th, 2005

  in 示周、月、季节、年以及泛指的上、下午,晚上 in spring, in 2004, in the morning,

  *在his, last,that, next, every 等词前面不用介词this afternoon, last Sunday, every morning

  区别:next week -------- the next week

  (2) by “在……前” 多和完成时态连用

  till “直到……才” I’ll wait here till you come back.

  until “不到……就不” 常和until连用 I’ll not leave until you come back.

  (3) in 过……以后, 大多用于将来时 after 多用于过去时

  (4) since + 过去的一个时间点 (表示时间段, 从……开始到现在)

  for + 一段时间

  二、表示场所、方向的介词:

  (1)at 表示比较具体的地点 at 37 Renming Road

  in 表示比较宽敞的地点 in Renming Street

  (2)above斜上方-------below斜下方 over正上方-------under正下方

  on 两物体有接触

  (3) between…and..在……和……之间 among在……中间(三者以上)

  (4) across (从物体表面)跨越, 越过 through (从物体中间)穿透, 穿越

  (5)in 在……里面(表示静止的位置) into 进入,表示运动方向,常用在表示动作的动词之后, 如 go, come, walk, jump, run 等 into的反义词是out of

  (6)to 到 (目底地)或方向 towards 指朝着某方向,而不是目的地.

  He walked towards the beach.

  三、其它介词

  1.with (1)在一起; (2)有; (3)用某种工具

  in 用什么材料或语言,或表示衣着,声调特点等

  by 用......手段

  2.Like 象......一样    as 作为;按照,象......一样(连词)+ 句子

  3.for(1)为了(表示目的或原因) (2)(后面加一段时间)表示时间段

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