英语专八翻译中常用修辞手法(2)

英语专八翻译中常用修辞手法

　　9.Euphemism委婉,婉辞法

　　婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.

　　例如:

　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.

　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

　　10.Allegory讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）

　　建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

　　英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subjectby suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

　　表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

　　真正意味：趁热打铁

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

　　表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

　　11.Irony反语

　　反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.

　　例如:

　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)

　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　12.Pun双关

　　双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

　　例如:

　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

　　13.Parody仿拟

　　这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.

　　例如:

　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address ofit.

　　14.Rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问（反问）

　　它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

　　例如:

　　1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

　　15.Antithesis对照,对比,对偶

　　这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.

　　例如:

　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

　　2>.You are staying; I am going.

　　3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.

　　16.Paradox隽语

　　这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..

　　例如:

　　1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达

　　2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。

　　17.Oxymoron反意法,逆喻

　　这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.

　　例如:

　　1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见

　　2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

　　18.Climax渐进法,层进法

　　这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.

　　例如:

　　1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

　　2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

　　19.Anticlimax渐降法

　　与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.

　　例如:

　　1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

　　2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.