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大学四级英语写作高分攻略

时间: 秋连1211 分享

  每次四、六级都有人考得很痛苦,每道题的答案都不确定,在考场上一边涂答题卡一边反复问自己:“我这是在干什么?”小编在此献上大学英语四六级备考经验,希望对大家有所帮助。

  大学四级英语写作高分攻略

  四级作文从结构上看,一般由三部分组成:引言部分、展开部分、结尾部分,而且每段往往只有一个主题,段中各支持句围绕主题展开,论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进,环环相扣。 由此可见,考试中只要遵循了这一原则,获得高分并不困难,但事实并非如此。探究其因,主要有两个方面:一是错误太多,这里提到的错误既包括语法错误(例如:时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等),也包括拼写、标点错误;二是考生使用的词汇和句型过于单一,整篇文章没有亮点。

  针对上述问题,为了在考试中取得高分,我们应注意以下几个方面:

  表达方式多样化(包括句子结构、类型以及使用的词汇)

  1. “结构词”的多样化。

  (1) 叙述正反方各自观点或是讲述对某一个问题的看法时,可用first、second、third等来表示,这样可以使文章结构清晰,给人一目了然的感觉。

  (2) 举例说明时可用for example、for instance、to illustrate 表示。

  (3) 进一步阐述观点或说明问题时可用furthermore、in addition、moreover表示。

  (4) 突出某一点的重要性时,可用surely、truly、undoubtedly、clearly、indeed、as a matter of fact表达。

  (5) 归纳总结时,可以使用therefore、in summary、consequently、in conclusion、in short引出结论。

  (6) 分析因果时可用because、due to、so that、as a result来表示主从句之间的逻辑关系。

  (7) 表示转折时,可以使用but、however、nevertheless、otherwise等,而on the one hand、on the other hand、on one side of the coin、on the other side of the coin则可用来连接两个相反的事实或观点。

  2. 文章词汇的多样化。

  同一词语在一句话、一个段落甚至整篇文章中最好不要重复出现,尽可能用同义词、近义词替换。例如:think可以用reckon、assume、argue、believe、suppose等词来替换。

  3. 句型的多样化。

  (1) 使用一些固定句型,例如:强调句、there be句型等。此外,在保证正确的前提下,尽量多使用一些复合句。

  (2) 除了使用比较熟悉的陈述句和疑问句外,还可以使用反问句来加强语气;用感叹句来表示讥讽;用类比来增加句子的份量。尽管句子多变,但必须遵循一个原则,即解释说明文章的观点和主题。

  (3) 句型也应富于变化,不要拘泥于主谓宾句型,可以使用过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句、虚拟语气、独立主格和非谓语动词等。

  4. 文章检查。

  检查的第一步主要集中在语法上,主要注意以下方面:

  (1) 句子是否有谓语动词。

  (2) 谓语时态、语态是否正确。

  (3) 主谓是否一致。

  (4) 代词与其指代的事物是否一致。

  (5) 标点符号是否正确。

  检查第二步应注意句子的表达:

  (1) 句子所表达的意思是否准确,尽量使用地道表达方式,避免中式表达。

  (2) 上下文之间的逻辑衔接是否通顺、紧密。

  (3) 所举例子能否能够说明观点、主题。

  检查的第三步主要是通读一遍,注意一下拼写是否正确。

  除上述几点之外,要想在考试中取得好成绩,考生平时还需要多读、多背、多写、多改。俗话说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也能吟。”所以,考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文,平时勤于背诵,背完经典范文后,进行默写,然后对照原文纠错,搞清楚哪里出了问题。这可以帮助学生改正一些小错误,如拼写、单复数、大小写等。与此同时,学生还需要模仿范文写作新的文章,套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬,但随着不断的积累,组合起来会越来越顺手。 我们相信,只要我们注意上述问题,平时多加练习,考试得高分不是一个梦。

  考生如何快速把握阅读文章的主题

  尽管主旨题已经不再是四级阅读的必考题型,但能够准确的把握文章的主题对解决其他各种题型还是大有裨益的。尤其是近年来大量增加的观点题和推理概括题,其答案的设计跟文章的主题有着密切的关系。

  主题就是一篇文章的根本,就测试学来看,依据一篇文章来出的题目都是围绕着主题进行设计,所以把握住了文章的主题就找到了破解各题的大方向。如何才能快速准确地找到文章的主题呢?

  要想找到文章的主题,必须先了解四级文章的结构特点。四级的文章按结构可以分成两大类:总分结构和观点分述结构。从考试操作层面来看,最简单的方法就是根据段落的数量来划分——五段以内的(包括五段)基本都是总分结构;大于五段的基本可按观点分述结构来处理。

  如何把握总分结构文章的主题?总分结构文章的布局如下:总述(提出观点)→分述(论述观点)→总述(强调观点)。总分结构文章的主题一般都在文章的首段。如果首段出现转折词,主题往往是首段转折句;如果首段没有明显的转折,则主题往往是首段首句。如果首段无转折,且只是描述某种现象,则需要关注文章的二段或三段,这时候文章的主题很可能是二段或三段段首的转折句。例如:

  why does cream go bad faster than butter? some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

  cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. both are emulsions—tiny globules (小球体) of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. the difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says brocklehurst, who led the investigation.

  in cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. in butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. the bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “this means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says.

  when the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments (隔仓室) buried deep in the sea of fat. trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients (养料)。 they also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “in butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says brocklehurst.

  the researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s structure. brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. the key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.

  这篇文章一共五段,可以按总分结构来提取主题,其首段无转折词,但段首句是问句,一般来说如果段首出现问句,后面的内容就是在对其作答。所以这篇文章的主题就是在解释cream比butter坏得快的原因就是他们的内部结构不同。这篇文章没有专门考主旨题,但考了一个观点题

  according to brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by ________.

  a) removing its fat

  b) killing the bacteria

  c) reducing its water content

  d) altering its structure(d)

  结合文章的主题我们不难猜出答案应该跟食物的结构有关,所以应该选d项。

  如何把握观点分述结构文章的主题?观点分述结构的文章包括以下几个部分:现象1(观点1)→理由(解释现象1或观点1)→反对理由→结论(现象2或观点2)。对于观点分述型文章,找主题有两种方法:一种是首段观点+末段观点(如果后面段落的段首出现转折词,则否定首段观点,肯定末段观点);另一种方法是直接看后半部分段落开头的转折句。例如:

  believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.

  japan is a case in point. it has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

  now the american automobile association foundation for traffic safety in washington d.c. is planning to repeat japan’s success. starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.

  excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. to help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest—curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.

  some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. however, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.

  chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. the result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

  这篇文章一共6段,应该按观点分述型文章来找主题。即首段观点+末段观点。所以该片文章的主题是optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes,而这种optical illusion (错觉)来自一种新的路面设计chevrons,这种设计可以让驾驶员自动减速从而减少高速公路上的交通事故。这篇文章考到了主旨题:

  the passage mainly discusses ________.

  a) a new way of highway speed control

  b) a new pattern for painting highways

  c) a new approach to training drivers

  d) a new type of optical illusion

  根据文章主题,答案应该是选a。


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