英语文摘的阅读
英语文摘的阅读
英语作文的提升其实是很容易的，小编今天给大家整理了英语的文摘，只要我们认真的学习这样才可以快速的提高成绩，有需要的同学可以收藏起来哦，大家快点的起来哦
无意识行为和心理学
Unconscious Behavior And Psychology
无意识行为与心理学
Social psychologists have long been intrigued by what they call automatic behavior–the ways people react to stimuli without consciously thinking about their actions.
社会心理学家一直对所谓的"自动行为"存有浓厚兴趣，这是人们对刺激产生的未经过有意识思考的反应方式。
All Hot And Bothered
焦虑不安
In fact, it seems that most people can be unconsciously influenced to behave in certain ways. For example, in one experiment, participants were told to unscramble sentences using words such as “bother”, “disturb”, and “obnoxious.” When they completed the task, these participants were more likely to act rudely than participants who were given words such as “patient” and “appreciate.”
实际上，绝大部分人会被无意识地影响，做出特定的行为。例如，在一个实验中，参与者被要求用“烦扰”，“打搅”和“可恶”等词来整理语句。在完成任务时，这些参与者比那些用“耐心”和“赞赏”这类词整理语句的参与者更容易表现得粗鲁一些。
But wait, things get even more interesting. After being asked to unscramble sentences using words such as “old, ancient, Florida, and retired,” participants tended to walk more slowly when leaving the experiment, even though slowness was not mentioned.
但是，等一下。事情变得更加有趣。参与者在被要求用“老年，古老，佛罗里达，退休”等词整理句子之后，当他们离开实验室时，他们更倾向于慢慢行走，虽然实验中并未提及“慢”这个词。
Why?
为什么?
Researchers speculate that words such as “Florida” and “retired” invoke stereotypes of the elderly, and these stereotypes also include slowness.
研究者们猜想，类似于“佛罗里达”和“退休”的词语让人脑中浮现老人的特定印象，而缓慢就是人们对老人的特定印象之一。
This experiment also confirms the power of what is commonly known as self-fulfilling prophecy, the idea that our expectations make us behave (consciously or unconsciously) in a way that makes those expectations come true.
这个实验同时也验证了通常被认为“自我应验预言”的力量。这是一种“我们的期望让我们(有意识或无意识地)按能让期望成真的方式行动”的思想。
When you meet someone who fits into a stereotype, you automatically act toward him or her in a manner consistent with that stereotype. So if you think men in red baseball caps tend to be hostile, when you run into such a man you unconsciously begin to act defensively. That causes the man to react defensively, which then confirms the original stereotype. In short, it’s a vicious cycle, and one that’s not entirely under our control.
当你遇到特定模式的人时，你会自觉地用那种特定方式回应他(她)。因此，如果你认为戴红色棒球帽的男人可能有敌意，当你撞上这样的男人时你会下意识地表现出防御姿态，这也导致这个男人以防御姿态回应你。如此就印证了你原来设想的印象。简言之，这是个恶性循环，完全超出我们的掌控。
为什么明明热却感到冷?
Ow! Why Hot Feels Cold
噢!为什么明明是热的却让人感到冰冷呢?
Kids don’t try this at home!
小孩子不要在家尝试以下实验!
Have you ever dipped your toe into a very hot bath and felt a flash of icy cold just before you realize that its really burning? After you pull your toe out, you might wonder what causes very hot water to feel cold.
你是否尝试过把脚趾伸进很烫的浴盆里却感到瞬间的冰冷，回过神来才意识到水是滚烫的?也许抽出脚趾之后你很想知道，是什么原因让人觉得这滚烫的热水很冷。
This odd sensation is called paradoxical cold and is caused by the temperature receptors in the skin. There are separate, specific receptors that respond to decreases or increases in skin temperature. If skin temperature drops, the cold receptors fire and if it increases, the warmth receptors fire.
这种怪异的感受称为诡冷觉，其实是皮肤内的温度感受器在作祟。皮肤内分布着独立的专门感受器，能对皮肤温度的升降作出反应。如果皮肤温度下降了，冷感受器就发出警告，如果皮肤温度上升了，暖感受器则发出警告。
However, if a strong stimulus, like very hot water, can stimulate not only the warmth receptors but also stimulate the pain receptors. These warn us that we are doing ourselves damage, and should take action to prevent it. The strong stimulus can also cause the abnormal stimulation of the cold receptors.
可是，如果遇到很强烈的外部刺激，比如很烫的水，不仅能激发暖感受器，而且会激发痛感受器。这些反应提醒我们，我们正在伤害自己，应该马上采取措施制止伤害的继续。这种强烈的刺激也会导致冷感受器被异常激发。
Over-stimulation can cause the confusing sensation of cold, hot and pain, but as long as we’re clear about pulling the toe out to safety, paradoxical cold is just another strange trick of the senses.
过度刺激会使人体对冷、暖和痛觉的感受发生错乱，但只要我们清醒地意识到应该把脚趾挪到安全的地方，诡冷觉也只是一种奇怪的感官游戏而已。
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