英文语法入门
英文语法入门
动词的英语语法基础知识，我们来看一看动词的语法是怎么样的吧。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的英文语法入门，供大家参阅!
英文语法入门：第一人称用will还是shall
A、在前面的章节中，will专用来表示意图：
I will wait for you.相当于：
I intend to wait for you.
我会等你。
在不存在任何意图的场合用shall，即shall用于不牵涉到主语愿望的动作：
I shall be 25 next week.
下星期我就25岁了。
We shall know the result next week.
下周我们就会知道结果了。(因为结果将在报纸上公布。)
Unless the taxi comes soon we shall miss our plane.
出租汽车要是不快点来，我们就要误飞机了。
I'm sure I shan't lose my way.
我肯定不会迷路的。
I shall see Tom tomorrow.
明天我会见到汤姆的。(也许我们坐同一列火车上班。)
现在，shall的以上用法在较正式的英语中仍可见到，但在口语中已不再常见了。相反，通常用will：
I will be 25 next week.
下星期我25岁了。
We'll know the result tomorrow.
明天我们就会知道结果了。”
Unless the taxi comes soon we'll miss the plane.
出租汽车要是不快点来的话，我们就要误飞机了。
I'm sure I won't lose my way.
我肯定不会迷路的。
但是，有时will可能改变句子的意思。如果在 I shall see Tom tomorrow这个句子中用 will代替 shall，就会变成 I will see Tom tomorrow。这个句子可能表示明天我要见汤姆的意图。为避免这种模棱两可的情况就用将来进行时：
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow.
明天我会见汤姆。
然而，shall在疑问句中仍可使用。
shall常用在let's后面的附加疑问中：
Let's go，shall we?
咱们走，好吗?
用于建议：
Shall we take a taxi?
我们乘出租汽车，好吗?
用于请求对方下命令或作指示：
What shall I do with your mail?
我应该怎么处理您的信件?
用于推测：
Where shall we be this time next year?
明年的这个时候我们会在什么地方?(虽然这里也可以用will。)
B、shall表示决心
在前面已经讲到，通常是由will表示决心。但是，人们有时感到为了表示决心应当用另外一个“较重的”、通常不大用的词，因此就用shall：
(in a speech)We shall fight and we shall win.
(在演说中)我们决心战斗，我们定会赢得胜利。
We will fight and we shall win也一样可用。
有时shall这样用表示许诺，就像第二人称shall所表示的那样：
You shall have a sweet.
你会吃到一块糖。相当于：
I promise you a sweet.
我答应给你一块糖。
We shall win这个句子中，说话人在保证能取得胜利。shall在日常会话中可以这样用：
I shall be there，I promise you.
我会在那里的，我向你保证。
但这里will也一样可用，对学生来说用will可减少麻烦。在对于究竟应当用shall还是用will存有疑问的时候要用will。
英文语法入门：谓语动词常用单数的情况
1)名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例如】
To finish the work in advance is what he wants.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health
What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice.
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
但是，what引导名词从句作主语时，其表语是复数形式时，系动词也可以是复数形式。
【例如】
What we badly need here are qualified teachers.
2)当主语是单数，后面跟着由including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by等连接的短语时，谓语动词用单数。
【例如】
Mary as well as her sister likes listening to music.
Doctor Richards, together with his wife and three children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight.
My best friend rather than anyone else has got the first prize in the speech contest.
3)one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【例如】
Each man, woman and child has the same right.
Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.(many a student=many students)
Either of students is going to compete for the president of the students' union.More than one person was involved in the case.
Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ____.
A) has been accepted
B) have been accepted
C) was accepted
D) were accepted
neither用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。此外，定语从句用过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时，故答案为C。
4)and所连接的两个单数名词作主语，指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时，其谓语动词用单数。例如：My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.
Bread, butter and eggs is typical American Breakfast .
If law andsgroupsis not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.如果不能维持治安，公民和他的财产都不安全。
5)表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金钱的复数名词，作主语时作为整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数。
【例如】
Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me.
Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot.
Ten years has passed but he didn't change at all.
6)“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例如】
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America.
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.
7)事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
【例如】The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain and it is an interesting book.The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace.
英文语法入门：谓语动词用复数的情况
1)both, some, few, many等用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
Both of my parents are over seventy years old.
Many students in my class have creative thoughts and wide knowledge.
2)“the +形容词”作主语，在表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
The aged are well taken care of by the government.
The poor are often looked down upon by the rich.
The young have respect for the old in China.
3)a number of, a lot of, any of, most of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable.
A number of books have been published on the subject.
None of the books attract me a lot.
the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
【例如】
The number of books published on this subject is simply amazing.
The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years.
4)集合名词作主语时，当名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数;当名词强调集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。
【例如】
The family is the basic unit of society. The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vocation in Europe.
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