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 初中英语语法总结大全

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  大部分初中生觉得初中英语语法不仅枯燥、而且困难,迟迟无法掌握。那么初中英语语法包括哪些内容呢?下面由学习啦小编为大家整理的初中英语语法总结大全,希望大家喜欢!

  初中英语语法总结大全

  九种基本时态

  一、一般现在时

  概念:

  表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

  如:

  1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)

  2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)

  构成:

  1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……

  2) 主语 + 实义动词 + …

  二、一般过去时

  概念:

  1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。

  如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。

  2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

  如: He always went to work by bike last week.

  构成:

  1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……

  2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +…

  三、现在进行时

  概念:

  表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。

  如:He is singing.They are watching TV now.

  构成:

  主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.

  四、过去进行时

  概念:

  表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。

  如:

  1) ---What were you doing?

  ---I was jumping.

  2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?

  ---He was sleeping.

  构成:

  主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.

  五、一般将来时

  概念:

  表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。

  如:

  He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.

  构成:

  1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +…

  2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….

  六、过去将来时

  概念:

  表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

  构成:

  1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…

  2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ….

  3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…

  用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。

  如:

  1) I should go.

  2) You knew I would come.

  3) They were going to Naning.

  七、现在完成时

  构成:

  主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…

  用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

  如:

  ---Have you had your lunch yet?

  ---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了。)

  八、现在完成进行时

  概念:

  表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

  构成:

  主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +…

  如:

  1) I have been sitting here for an hour.

  2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.

  九、过去完成时

  构成:

  主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…

  用法:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。

  如:

  I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.

  三大从句

  一、宾语从句

  宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。

  例如:

  He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

  他说长大后想当一名老师。

  ①宾语从句的连接词:

  宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

  ②宾语从句的语序:

  A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。

  例如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.

  我想知道他明天是否能来。

  B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词。

  例如:She asked me who had helped him.

  她问我谁帮助了他。

  ③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀即可:“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”

  A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。

  例如:1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.

  他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。

  B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。

  例如:He told me that he liked playing football.

  他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。

  C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。

  例如:He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。

  二、状语从句

  1. 时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

  时间状语从句的连接词:when(当…...时候),while(当...…时候) as(当...…时候),after(在…...以后),before(在...…以前) as soon as(一...…就......),since(自从...…到现在),till/until(直到…...才......),by the time(到...…的时候)

  例如:

  Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

  莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。

  2. 条件状语从句::在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

  条件状语从句的连接词:if, unless(除非),as long as(只要)

  例如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

  如果明天不下雨,我们将去远足。

  注意:在时间和条件状语从句中,一定要符合“主将从现”原则。如上面例句,条件状语 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow用一般现在时,主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。

  3. 原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。

  原因状语从句的连接词:because, since, as,now that

  例如:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

  因为我生病了,所以昨天没去上学。

  三、定语从句

  定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

  例如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语)

  我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。

  定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

  例如:I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

  我认识了一位第一医院的医生。

  定语从句的关系词:

  关系代词:who、which、whom、whose、that

  关系副词:when、where、why

  初中英语语法的句型结构归纳

  一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词

  afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事

  agree to do sth. 同意做某事

  arrange to do sth.安排做某事

  ask to do sth. 要求做某事

  beg to do sth. 请求做某事

  care to do sth. 想要做某事

  choose to do sth. 决定做某事

  decide to do sth. 决定做某事

  demand to do sth. 要求做某事

  determine to do sth. 决心做某事

  expect to do sth. 期待做某事

  fear to do sth. 害怕做某事

  help to do sth. 帮助做某事

  hope to do sth. 希望做某事

  learn to do sth. 学习做某事

  manage to do sth. 设法做某事

  offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

  plan to do sth. 计划做某事

  prepare to do sth. 准备做某事

  pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

  promise to do sth. 答应做某事

  refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

  want to do sth. 想要做某事

  wish to do sth. 希望做某事

  注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:

  aim to do sth. 打算做某事

  fail to do sth. 未能做某事

  long to do sth. 渴望做某事

  happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

  hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事

  struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

  二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

  advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

  allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事

  bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事

  beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

  cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

  command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

  drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事

  elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事

  encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

  expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事

  forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

  force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

  get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事

  hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事

  help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

  intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

  invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

  leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

  like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事

  mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

  need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

  oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事

  order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

  permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

  persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

  prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事

  request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

  remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

  teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事

  tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

  train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事

  trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事

  want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

  warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事

  wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

  注:不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型:

  汉语说:“害怕某人做某事”,

  但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“原谅某人做某事”,

  但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“拒绝某人做某事”,

  但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“惩罚某人做某事”,

  但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“建议某人做某事”,

  但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“赞成某人做某事”,

  但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“通知某人做某事”,

  但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“欢迎某人做某事”,

  但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“坚持某人做某事”,

  但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“希望某人做某事”,

  但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“安排某人做某事”,

  但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“要求某人做某事”,

  但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“感谢某人做某事”,

  但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“祝贺某人做某事”,

  但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。

  汉语说:“阻止某人做某事”,

  但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。

  要表示以上意思,可换用其他表达:

  汉语的“原谅某人做某事”,

  英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。

  汉语的“希望某人做某事”,

  英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。

  汉语的“建议某人做某事”,

  英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。

  汉语的“安排某人做某事”,

  英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。

  汉语的“要求某人做某事”,

  英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。

  汉语的“感谢某人做某事”,

  英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。

  汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”,

  英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。

  汉语的“阻止某人做某事”,

  英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。

  三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词

  admit doing sth. 承认做某事

  advise doing sth. 建议做某事

  allow doing sth. 允许做某事

  appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事

  avoid doing sth. 避免做某事

  consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

  delay doing sth. 推迟做某事

  deny doing sth. 否认做某事

  discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事

  dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

  enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事

  escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

  excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事

  fancy doing sth. 设想做某事

  finish doing sth. 完成做某事

  forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

  forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

  give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

  imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

  keep doing sth. 保持做某事

  mention doing sth. 提及做某事

  mind doing sth. 介意做某事

  miss doing sth. 错过做某事

  pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事

  permit doing sth. 允许做某事

  practice doing sth. 练习做某事

  prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事

  prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事

  put off doing sth. 推迟做某事

  report doing sth. 报告做某事

  risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

  stop doing sth. 停止做某事

  suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

  understand doing sth. 理解做某事

  四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词

  bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事

  catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事

  discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事

  feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事

  find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事

  get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

  have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

  hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事

  keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事

  listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事

  look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事

  notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事

  observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事

  prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

  see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事

  send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事

  set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事

  start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事

  stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

  watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事

  五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词

  feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事

  have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

  let sb. do sth.让某人做某事

  listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

  look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

  make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

  notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事

  observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

  see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

  watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

  六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词

  like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

  love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事

  hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事

  prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事

  begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事

  start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事

  continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事

  can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事

  bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事

  intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事

  attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事

  cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事

  七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词

  remember to do sth. 记住要做某事

  remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事

  forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

  forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事

  regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事

  regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事

  try to do sth. 设法要做某事

  try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果

  mean to do sth. 打算做某事

  mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

  can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

  can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

  go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事

  go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事

  注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。

  八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词

  (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词

  award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人

  bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人

  hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人

  lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

  mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人

  offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人

  owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

  pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人

  pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物(钱)

  post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人

  read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听

  return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人

  send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人

  sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人

  serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人

  show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看

  take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人

  teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物

  tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况

  throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人

  write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信

  (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词

  book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物

  buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物

  choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物

  cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

  draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物

  fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物

  find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物

  fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

  get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物

  make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物

  order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物

  pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物

  prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

  save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物

  sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物(歌)

  spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物

  steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物

  注:有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义相同,如bring,play等:

  Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me.

  把今天的报纸拿给我。

  He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us.

  他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。

  有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等:

  They left me no food. = They left no food for me.

  他们没给我留一点食物。

  My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.

  我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。

  而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词for引出间接宾语,如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等:

  He allows his son too much money.

  他给他儿子的钱太多。

  He asked me some questions.

  他问了我一些问题。

  This caused me much trouble.

  这给我带来了许多麻烦。

  He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea.

  他一杯茶向我要了5美元。

  His mistake cost him his job.

  他的错误让他丢了工作。

  I envy you your good luck.

  我羡慕你的好运。

  They forgave him his rudeness.

  他们原谅了他的鲁莽。

  He refused her nothing.

  她要什么就给什么。

  九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词

  accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事

  cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物

  cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯

  inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)

  remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)

  rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物

  rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西

  warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

  十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词

  blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事

  criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事

  forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

  excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

  pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事

  punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事

  scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事

  thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事

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