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主谓一致语法讲解及练习题

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  下面学习啦小编为大家带来主谓一致语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习

  一.概念:

  主谓一致是指:

  1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

  二.相关知识点精讲

  1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

  Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

  注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

  典型例题

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

  2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

  1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:

  Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

  3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

  当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

  4. 谓语需用单数的情况

  1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:

  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

  2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

  3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

  Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

  5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

  1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

  All is right. 一切顺利。

  All are present. 人都到齐了。

  2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

  His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

  His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

  但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:

  Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?

  3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

  A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

  The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

  A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

  6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况

  1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

  Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

  2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

  A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

  3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

  Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

  三.练习题及答案:

  1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

  A.am B.is C.are D.be

  2. The rich ____ not always happy.

  A.are B.is C.has D.have

  3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

  A.are B.am C.is D.was

  4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

  A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study

  5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

  A.am B.is C.are D.be

  6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,

  A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is

  7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

  A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like

  8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

  A.was B.is C. would be D.are

  9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

  A.is B.are C.has D.have

  10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

  A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been

  11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

  A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished

  12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.

  A.is B.was C.are D.is being

  13. The great writer and professor____.

  A. is an old man B. are both old men

  C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese

  14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

  A.are B.is C.has D.have

  15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

  A. are B. was C. is D. be

  16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.

  A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed

  17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

  A. is B. are C. was D. were

  18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

  A. has been B.have been C.was D.is

  19. A chemical works____ built there.

  A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been

  20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

  A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five

  答案:

  1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB

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