老托福阅读100解析资料汇总
托福阅读100篇的文章内容，也是大家日常备考中，练习的重点内容，这些文章的练习，有助于大家更好的提高阅读水平。那么在具体的对于备考中，到底这部分的内容是什么，大家如何更好的练习这些内容呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!
老托福阅读100解析资料汇总
Perhaps one of the most dramatic andimportant changes that took place in the Mesozoic era occurred late in thatera, among the small organisms that populate the uppermost, sunlit portion ofthe oceans the plankton. The term "plankton" is a broad one,designating all of the small plants and animals that float about or weaklypropel themselves through the sea. In the late stages of the Mesozoic era,during the Cretaceous period, there was a great expansion of plankton thatprecipitated skeletons or shells composed of two types of mineral: silica andcalcium carbonate.
This development radically changed the typesof sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic partsof the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletonsoften survived and sank to the bottom. For the first time in the Earth's longhistory, very large quantities of silica skeletons, which would eventuallyharden into rock, began to pile up in parts of the deep sea. Thick deposits ofcalcareous ooze made up of the tiny remains of the calcium carbonate-secretingplankton also accumulated as never before. The famous white chalk cliffs ofDover, in the southeast of England, are just one example of the huge quantitiesof such material that amassed during the Cretaceous period; there are manymore. Just why the calcareous plankton were so prolific during the latter partof the Cretaceous period is not fully understood. Such massive amounts ofchalky sediments have never since been deposited over a comparable period oftime.
Thehigh biological productivity of the Cretaceous oceans also led to idealconditions for oil accumulation. Oil is formed when organic material trapped insediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures andpressures, transforming it into petroleum. Sediments rich in organic materialaccumulated along the margins of the Tethys Seaway, the tropical east-westocean that formed when Earth's single landmass (known as Pangaea) split apartduring the Mesozoic era. Many of today's important oil fields are found inthose sediments in Russia, the Middle East, the Gulf of Mexico, and in thestates of Texas and Louisiana in the United States.
托福阅读文章类型有哪几类
学术性文章的篇章结构
在学术性文章中一般需要具备三个组成部分：
(1)Topic 话题即文章的主角是什么，比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;在托福文章中这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置，考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有一个大体的了解。
(2)Aspects 方面：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点则方面可能分为若干个支持论据，若话题为某种自然现象则方面可能分为若干个内外成因，若话题为某个历史事件这方面为几段发展时期，在托福阅读文章中往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落共同组成行文主体。
(3)Attitude态度即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度，或是积极肯定、或是消极否定、或是保持中立，在托福阅读文章中态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic话题 +Aspects方面 + Attitude态度这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的"T+A+A篇章结构"，托福文章大都遵循这种结构这就可以通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致的讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落的主旨就可以了解到整个文章的脉络和文章的逻辑结构。
学术性文章的段落结构
学术性文章的自然段落一般需要具备两个组成部分：
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表达段落的主旨即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么。
(2) Detail 细节：为了详细说明段落中心含义，所罗列的相关支持内容即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的"TS+D段落结构"，托福文章段落遵循这种结构就可以通过段落的主旨句把握该段的中心含义了。
托福阅读文章来源的15个网站
《纽约时报》The New York Times:
//www.nytimes-se.com
《纽约客》The New Yorker:
//www.newyorker.com
《泰晤士报》 Times:
//www.thetimes.co.uk
《卫报》 The Guardian:
//www.guardian.co.uk
《观察家报》 The Observer:
//www.observer.co.uk
《星期日报》The Sunday Times:
//www.sunday-times.co.uk
《每日快报》 The Daily Express:
//www.express.co.uk
《每日邮报》 The Daily Mail:
//www.dailymail.co.uk
《世界新闻报》 The News of the World:
//www.newsoftheworld.co.uk
《国家地理》National Geographic:
//www.nationalgeographic.com/
《大西洋月刊》The Atlantic Monthly:
//www.theatlantic.com/
《经济学人》The Economist
//www.economist.com
《新政治家》The New Statesman:
//www.newstatesman.co.uk/
《泰晤士报文学增刊》The Times Literary Supplement:
//www.the-tls.co.uk/
《高等教育纪事报》The Chronicle of Higher Education:
//www.chronicle.com/
托福阅读词汇题的答题技巧
一.托福阅读词汇题答题技巧
1.在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。
2.仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
3.在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。
4.选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。
提醒考生注意，选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。
二.遇到迷惑性选项怎么办
在托福考试中，无法通过上下文和词缀词根来猜词的题目不在少数。
A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。
首先在我们不认识“plunge”这个词的前提下，我们会尝试着看plunge所在的句子，通过句子不难发现，句子告诉我们“随着海平面的上升，更多的冰将要plunge到海里”，此时，有一个极具迷惑性的选项C：melt。
因为通过上下文，melt(融化)是最搭配ice的，符合语境的。并且，plunge这个词并不含有显而易见的“词缀”和“词根”，所以，通过词根词缀猜词的想法也无法实现了。正确答案却是A：drop，因为plunge是“投入;突然下降”的意思，和drop是同义替换关系，因此选A。
三.多刷题
接下来需要研究的就是要如何有针对性的提高单词量来提高词汇题正确率。最先需要做的一件事情是将目前的真题里面所有的词汇题做一遍，总结错题和生僻词汇。当你在大量做题时，就会发现一个现象：词汇题有很多重复的词汇在反复地被考查着。
例如：
1.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.
A.occasionally
B.plentifully
C.usefully
D.fortunately
2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.
A.economical
B.familiar
C.plentiful
D.useful
不难发现，两个题目中考查的单词分别是“abundantly”和“abundant”，我们可以认为这样的词汇就算做是重复考查的对象了,所选择的选项也是“plentfifully”和“plentiful”。
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