托福阅读考试流程介绍
为了帮助广大的托福考生们进行更好的复习，小编特整理了托福阅读考试流程+介绍此内容，最后希望同学们都能战胜托福中的重重难关，冲向终点，更多精彩内容尽在学习啦，预祝考生取得理想成绩!
托福阅读考试流程介绍
托福考试(TOEFL)作为国际上最有影响的几大英语水平考试之一，在国内拥有极高的知名度和庞大的考生群体。近年来由于面对雅思(IELTS)等考试的有力挑战，托福考试主办方ETS为阻颓势，在经典形式的PBT(Paper-based test)、CBT(Computer-based test)之后，又推出了新形式的iBT(Internet-based test)，即所谓新托福。
1、 基本形式
既然被称为iBT，新托福阅读便不同于PBT，不再是完成纸质试卷上的一系列问题;也不同于CBT，而是经由互联网直接从ETS位于美国的服务器传输题目至电脑终端。TOEFL iBT的阅读部分在新托福四个module(读、听、说、写)中最先进行，也是唯一不需要借助听力完成的一个部分。
一旦开始答题，每一篇阅读文章必须先通读或滚动至屏幕末尾，才可以看到问题。一般来说，在每一道题目的回答界面，屏幕右手边是该题所对应的文章部分内容，题目则出现在屏幕的左侧。通过点击屏幕右上方区域的不同功能键，可以实现不同题目间的前进、后退、检查答题情况、查看文本、帮助等功能。同时，屏幕右上方还可以点击选择显示/隐藏的考试所剩余的时间。在每个计时部分剩余时间为0时，考试自动进入下一部分，而不再允许回看。
2、 考试时长
新托福阅读由3或5篇长度为每篇700单词左右的文章构成，包括阅读文章及解答题目的时间在内，每次考试阅读部分一共有60(如果考3篇文章)分钟或100分钟(如果考5篇文章)。考试过程中，第1篇文章单独倒计时，长度为20分钟;第2、4篇文章以及可能有的第4、5篇文章每2篇合并倒计时，长度各为40分钟。因此整个新托福的阅读考试可以被看成由两(考3篇文章时)到三(考5篇文章时)个分别计时的部分构成，每个部分之间相互独立，先后进行。所以考试研究中心提醒考生必须注意，这60或100分钟考试时间不是可以自由分配到不同文章和题目中的。
3、 文章类型
新托福阅读的3或5篇700单词左右的文章全都节选自高校本科水平的教材，通常为针对某一学术领域的介绍。一般不做任何修改，从而能够更好地被用于评估考生在学术英语氛围下的阅读能力，因而所涉及的词汇量相对较大，但对于一些专业性较强的词汇仍会给出注释。主题广泛，但并不要求考生对其非常熟悉，这是由于所有被考察的信息都包括在文章之中。
文体一般可分为说明(exposition)、议论(argumentation)和史实(historical)三类，而架构则常常会表现为分类(classification)、比较(comparison/contrast)、因果(cause/effect)、解疑(problem/solution)四种之一。由于每篇新托福考试阅读文章所对应的题型都至少会包含一道涉及对文章总体架构把握的多分值问题，上述文体方面的信息需要引起考生备考期间的充分注意。
托福阅读题目练习：棉花
托福阅读文本：
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was
easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant
centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the
demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand
largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown
throughout the South, but separating the fiber — or lint — from the seed was a laborious process.
Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds
were concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only
along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season,
but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could
hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with
revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a worker
could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by
horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the
cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing
all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a
36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of
American exports was represented by cotton.
In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports
in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for
cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural
settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States — west of the Appalachian Mountains
and east of the Mississippi River.
托福阅读题目：
1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
(A) the European textile industry increased its demand forAmerican export products
(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
(C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
(D) cotton became the most importantAmerican export product
2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) preferred
(B) recommended
(C) imported
(D) included
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
(A) cotton's softness
(B) cotton's ease of processing
(C) a shortage of flax and wool
(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) unfamiliar
(B) primitive
(C) skilled
(D) difficult
5.According to the passage , one advantage of Sea island cotton was its
(A) abundance of seeds
(B) long fibers
(C) long growing season
(D) adaptability to different climates
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
(A) More cotton came from Sea island cotton plants than before.
(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
(D) Most cotton produced was exported to England.
7. The word "surge" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) sharp increase
(B) sudden stop
(C) important change
(D) excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 23 in order to
(A) show thatAmericans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) slow
(B) profitable
(C) not seen before
(D) never explained
10.According to the passage , the Mississippi River was
(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops
(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
托福阅读答案：
DACDB BACCA
托福阅读高频词汇总结整理
impertinent adj.无关，鲁莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，满不在乎的
immobile adj.静止的n.稳定
breeze n.微风
frost n.霜
seep v.渗漏
plummet v.骤然跌落
fine shadow n.细微的差别
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.头骨
cranial adj.头盖的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.简洁的
furnace n.暖气
mundane adj.
overlook v.源：考试大
阅读词组精选
on the right track——well on one's way
whales on the beach n.不呆在该呆的位置上
be engrossed in/be absorbed in/in absession with/concentrate on表全神贯注
urban crowding n.城市人口集中化
social stress n.社会压力
pilot reclamation project n.试验性改造工程
be indulged in沉迷于
Geology
canal n.运河
core n.地核
crater n火山口
crust n.地壳
cycle n.天体的循环
dam n.水坝
debris n.碎片，岩屑
deformation n.变形
diversity n.多样性
edge n.边缘，边界
erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀
eruption n.爆发，火山灰
former n.形成者，模型
frontier n.边界，新开发的地带
funnel n.漏斗
glacier n.冰川
interval n.时间间隔
lodge n.小屋
mantle n.地幔
margin n.(湖，池等的)边缘
offshore adj.海面上的，远离岸的
orbit n.轨道
range n.山脉，多山的地区
mountain range
mountain chain
knot n.山脉的交结点
summit，top，crest，peak n.山顶
ravine n.峡谷
canyon n.峡谷
gorge n.峡谷
crevice n.断裂
precipice n.悬崖
cliff n.悬崖
receptacle n.接受器，容器，储存器
remnant n.残余物
ridge n.脊背
sediment n.沉淀物
slope n.斜坡
tectonics n.构造学
topography n.地形学，地貌学
tunnel n.隧道，地道
apply v.应用
cluster v.丛生，群聚
collide v.碰撞
compact v.压紧，固结
concentrate v.集中
conduct v.传导
demolish v.破坏，粉碎
diffuse v.传播，扩散
dispose v.处理，处置
distribute v.散布，分布
drill v.钻孔，钻通
eliminate v.排除
erode v.侵蚀
evaporate v.蒸发
extract v.开采，提炼
hem v.给……镶边，包围
hypothesize v.假设
insulate v.隔离
melt v.融化
impertinent adj.无关，鲁莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，满不在乎的
immobile adj.静止的n.稳定
breeze n.微风
frost n.霜
seep v.渗漏
plummet v.骤然跌落
fine shadow n.细微的差别
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.头骨
cranial adj.头盖的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.简洁的
furnace n.暖气
mundane adj.
ordinary
overlook v.
neglect
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