托福写作能力提高方法有哪些
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托福写作能力提高方法有哪些
一 首先说一下关于文采的认知
① 这里说的文采不是狭义意义上的文采，好的文采不仅仅是语句和词藻上的华丽堆砌，更是作者思想和境界的表达。
② 每个人的文学水平和素养都不同，对于好文采的认识也会有所不同，而有一些名家的作品，本身也确实写的不错，但可能就不太适合普通人来阅读。
③ 学习写作并不是一件一蹴而就的事情，他需要你长年累月的沉淀，需要你不断坚持地去读，去写，去思考，去体验生活。
④ 有文采的文章，有思想，有境界，能够带给读者认知上的升级，情感上的共鸣。
二 提高文采，写作能力的有效途径：
1 多读
为了培养自己的语感和写作的套路，我们需要多读优秀的作品，读的多了，自己开始写的时候，也会慢慢地找到感觉。
① 多读爆款的文章
爆款文章之所以能成为爆款一定有原因，它们对读者的心理，需求的把握都做的比较好。而从爆款文章中，找到读者真正关心的内容，同样可以用在你的文章当中。
② 多读名家的作品
名家的作品，在语言上面，文章构思上面都有很多值得我们学习的地方。
通常来说，一些优美的散文，诗歌的文采都是不错的，平时可以多收集一些，有空的时候就随手翻一翻。
2 多记录好词好句，时常查阅
不断记录下你从书中，网上，或者听到的好词好句，分门别类，定期地做好整理。
比如描写人物的，描写景色的，描写心理的，描写情感的……
通过经常地朗读来让自己培养写作和语言的感觉。
3 模仿
模仿优秀的作品，模仿它的风格，模仿它的遣词造句，模仿它的构思。
从你的素材库里面找出一些你觉得不错的好词，金句，不断地进行仿写训练。
一个很好的训练方式就是：通过对同一个事件的描写，和优秀作品进行对比，找出自己和高手的差距，不断提升。
4 积累写作的素材
增加生活的触点，从不同的方式体验不同的情感。
比如从电视，电影里面的台词，琢磨每个人的性格和特点，体会不同人物的说话方式。
生活中，你也会发现那些语出惊人，发人省醒的话语，比如广告语，某人说的某句话。这些都可以成为你写作的素材。
5 写好：字，词，句
精炼文字，用词要精准，多用动词，名词，尽量少用一些抽象的成语，少用一些别人已经用烂了的词语或者句子。
这里介绍一个方法：近义词替换法。就是把一些比较常用的，读者读起来没有感觉的陈词滥调，或者说文章当中经常要出现的词语，替换成相关的近义词，或者利用其它的方式来表达出来，从而让人有耳目一新的感觉。
同时，我们还需要增加自身的词汇量，平时有空就多翻翻词典，即使你一次记不住也没有关系，这些都是需要你长年累月的过程中不断积累的。
关于句子，多用比喻，拟人，排比。发挥你的想象力，由你要描写的事情想象到其他的一些事情。比喻是一个在写作当中使用频率非常高的修辞手法，用好这个，可以让你的文采提升不少。
这里面的技巧是：多联想。比如，看到白云的时候，你想到了什么?纯洁?美好?看到了鸟儿，你想到了什么?飞翔?自由?这些都可以在写作当中用暗喻的形式表达出来的。
尝试采用不同的表达方式和表达角度。有些时候，我们会用到一些别人已经说烂了的句子，你还可能觉得似乎很有文采，但是，其实读者早已经是看得太多了，你写的再好也很难有高的阅读量。
托福写作的简洁方法
建议一： 避免空洞的单词和词组
1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子：
When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.
这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.
2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换，例如：
Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.
“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.
建议二： 避免重复
1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子：:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.
large 对一个farm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.
更简洁的表达方式为：
My grandfather grew up on a large farm.
2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换，例如：
My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents’ farm.
建议三：选择最恰当的语法结构
选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下，朗阁海外考试研究中心将推荐几种考生们在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：
1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如：.
The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.
从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：
My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.
2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：
There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改为：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.
更简洁的句式为：
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如：
Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
简介的表达方式为：
The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.
4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。例如：
In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：
In the fall, my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，例如下面这句话：
My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.
Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：
My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.
6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达，例如：
Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.
两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
托福写作高分的小技巧
提醒:每人要有自己的模版, 下列模版仅供参考, 不可直接享用.
Integrated task:
表示陈述了某种观点的：
Indicate, state, claim, believe, argue, say, hold, discuss, mention, contend, demonstrate, raise the issue, according to the professor/writer…..
表示观点相反的：
Cast doubt on, refute, rebuke, refuse, question, disagree with, oppose, contradict, on the contrary, differ from
表示支持的：
Support, strengthen, agree with, reinforce, present the same idea
常用表示总结听力和阅读材料观点不同的句子：
1. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
2. this entirely opposes the writer’s expectation.
3. this is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.
4. this is another part where experience contradict theory.
模版：
In the lecture, the professor states that..., which differs from the point of the reading, the passsage contends that......
As for the writer, the writer indicates that.......R1.....On the contrary, the instructor argues that L1.....+detail.
In the lecture, the speaker raises the issue that L2+detail ......., yet the reading passage belives that.......R2...
In the lecture, the professor says L3.....+detail...., and what the professor says opposes the idea of reading which holds that R3.........
In a word, what is discussed in the lecture entirely opposes the writer’s expectation.
托福写作怎么做好结尾
重申立场+总结理由
让步+重申立场
重申立场+引申扩展
引申扩展包括：
强调反对派立场会带来的后果
展望未来问题的前景
强调重要性
重申立场
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life。”
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices。
重申立场+总结理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities。”
In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction。
让步+重申立场
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity。”
In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness。
重申立场+引申扩展
How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?
In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback。
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