山东高考题英语Word版2017及英语高考复习试卷(2)
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are concerned about their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.
Shy people, who have low self-respect, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need faith that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior. They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good, I know it's not true.” It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.
66. The first paragraph is mainly about___________.
A. the cause of shyness B. the effect of shyness on people
C. the feelings of shy people D. the questions in the minds of shy people
67. According to the writer, self-awareness is___________.
A. harmful to people B. a weak point of shy people
C. the cause of unhappiness D. a good characteristic
68. What is the shy people's reaction to praise?
A. They are pleased by it. B. They feel it is not true.
C. They are very sensitive to it. D. They feel they are worthy of it.
69. We can learn from the passage that shyness can ___________.
A. block our chances for a successful life
B. help us to live up to our full development
C. enable us to understand ourselves better
D. have nothing to do with lack of self respect
B
Roughly half of college students will have some degree of depression at some point during their time in school. Even more startling, 6.2 percent of college students surveyed in 2012 considered suicide and 1.3 percent attempted it, according to an American College Health Association study released this spring. If you’re feeling depressed on campus, you may find the following tips helpful.
Exercise: Physical activity releases endorphins – chemicals that produce an overall positive feeling within the body, which fight depression naturally. Mental health experts claim that exercise is a solution to those feeling mild or moderate depression. However, for those severely depressed, simply doing sports is not enough.
Use school counseling services: Campuses don’t employ mental health experts simply to throw thousands of dollars down the drain. Their job is to help students, so experts recommend you use them. Most students, however, are hesitant to take a trip to their college’s counseling center, fearing being laughed at by peers. As a result, some schools like Texas Christian University, are testing students for mental health problems when they get sick and visit the campus health clinic.
Take advantage of technology: Staying in touch with family members and friends from childhood and high school has become easier than ever with the coming of Facebook and video chat services like Skype. While mental health experts insist that it’s important to make friends in your new environment and be involved in the college community, it’s also significant to keep in touch with the people you knew before college.
Go to sleep: Following a fairly regular sleep pattern can defend you against depression. In college, many students’ sleep patterns are irregular thanks to late-night studying and partying, which is harmful to their mental health. Research strongly suggests that sleep is the key to learning and memory formation.
70. According to the passage, physical activity __________.
A. is regarded as the best way to fight depression
B. contributes to the release of endorphins
C. can’t help the seriously depressed students
D. improve people’s ability to learn and memorize
71. It can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that __________.
A. employing mental health experts on campus is a waste of money
B. students with mental health problems can’t get on well with others
C. going to college’s counseling center for help requires a lot of courage
D. sick students in Texas Christian University must take psychological tests
72. Taking advantage of technology is encouraged because it ______________.
A. provides a way to avoid getting bored
B. helps students stay in contact with others
C. offers students a way to make new friends
D. enables students to get involved in college life
73. Which of the following can NOT help one reduce depression?
A. Taking exercise regularly every week.
B. Chatting with old friends with Skype.
C. Turning to mental health experts for advice.
D. Holding parties deep into the night to relax.
C
You Are What You Eat
Genetic engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a living organism. It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from an organism's chromosomes (染色体), improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original organism, or a completely different organism.Unlike traditional breeding (繁殖), where a desired quality would be bred within the same species, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into organisms of different species.Wow--Did you catch that?
Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture. For example, by genetically engineered(GE)foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased.Improved taste，shelf life, and better transport are all possible. Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance, therefore, making the food safe for consumers.
But some argue that the possible negative effects outweigh the positives, and critics are starting to voice their concerns. Unlike Europe, in the United States labeling is not required on genetically engineered foods or on foods that contain genetically engineered products. Most Americans do not realize that they are, in fact, eating GE foods.
The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks. With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects.Because most genes introduced into GE plants come from sources not introduced into the human body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions. Moreover, due to the lack of labeling if allergies(过敏)develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them.
There is also a major moral question in many minds.For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary. We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving.GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger. Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that produce it.
Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk.
74. According to the passage, traditional breeding is different from genetic engineering
because ________________.
A. traditional breeding changes the genes in the same species
B. traditional breeding changes the genes in different species
C. traditional breeding takes place within the same species
D. traditional breeding is more scientific
75. "The lack of labeling" in Paragraph 4 indicates ________________.
A. information concerning gene sources is unavailable to customers
B. it is currently possible to find the origins of some allergies
C. scientists try to hide potential dangers from customers
D. the US government is responsible for GE food
76. According to Paragraph 5, GE food is unnecessary because_____________.
A. it won't help solve the problem of hunger in the world
B. there are potential dangers in producing GE food
C. we're now producing more food than before
D. customers will benefit from GE food
77. What is the author's attitude towards genetic engineering?
A. Welcoming. B. Disapproving.
C. Unconcerned. D. Optimistic.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
We take it for granted that with memory we can remember most of things which happened in our life. But it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions(感知), the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the ability to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering”things like arithmetic(算术) or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity(容量) of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”—strings of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 1000,000 words of English. However, this is but a part of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)
78. What can we say about “memory”?
79. According to the writer, the storage capacity of a human being is ______________________.
80. The advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings is based on the fact ______________.
81. What makes human beings different from other animals according to the passage?
第II卷(共47分)
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
82、培养一些爱好会使你的生活更充实。(enrich)
83、这中药闻起来有些怪味，但治疗感冒非常有效。(effective)
84、全副武装的警察总在恐怖袭击后最先到达现场的人群之中。(among)
85、现在空气污染如此严重，我们得下决心清除这害人的雾霾(haze)。(so…that…)
86、不仅老人可能患心脏病，由于缺乏锻炼，许多年轻人也因心脏病而病倒。(Not only…)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions.
下面一组图片展现了现代生活方式。请根据你对这组图片的理解用英语写一篇短文。
你的短文应包含以下内容:
1、描述图片的内容;
2、分析该现象的原因;
3、结合生活实际，谈谈你的感想。
参考答案
1—10: ACABD DCCBA 11—16: DCB DBA
17. Kordell 18. service 19. 5601288 20. five/ 5:00
21. makes a fool 22. embarrassed and nervous 23. the exit sign 24. learned behavior
25. about/over 26. caring 27. the most important 28. fighting
29. can 30. what 31. a 32. as if
33. have been fascinated 34. to locate 35. nearer 36. that 37. gives
38. needed 39. if / whether 40. which
41---50: D J G A H C F E I B
51—55: CABDC 56---60: BDCAC 61—65: DDBCA
66------69 BDBA 70-----73 BCAD 74-----77 CAAB
78. The ability to keep information available for later use.
It involves the change in one’s behavior.
It enables one to remember what has happened.
79. much greater than that of a computer
80. that human beings can use words/language
81. Having a far/much greater memory capacity.
82. Developing some hobbies will enrich your life.
83. The Chinese medicine smells a bit strange，but it is quite effective in treating cold.
84. The fully/heavily armed police are always among the first to be on the scene/spot after the terrorist attack/ after the terrorist attack occurred.
85. Now the air pollution is so serious that we have to make up our minds to get rid of this harmful haze.
86. Not only are the old likely to suffer from heart disease, but many young people are down with it as well for lack of exercise.
Writing:
Just as the picture shows vividly, in front of the computer sits a man who is absorbed in it / is chained to it whether at work, at home or in play, overlooking the outside world completely. Eventually, he even cannot rid himself of the fantasy of using the computer in his dream.
Many factors combine to cause the phenomenon. On the one hand, the computer facilitates our work efficiency and entertainment, making it easy for us to contact each other. On the other hand, it deprives us of opportunities to get close nature and alienates(疏远) us from our families and friends. The more addicted we are to computers, the more dependent we are on them.
It should set alarm bells ringing and awaken us to the fact that addiction to the computer has posed a threat to us. Bear in mind that that computer are nothing but a tool, so we cannot be a slave to it but the master. A reasonable understanding of technology will undoubtedly pave the way for bettering our life.
山东高考题英语Word版2017及英语高考复习试卷(2)
