考研英语阅读经典美文
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考研英语阅读经典美文：来自外星人的信号
The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), listening to the cosmos for signs of signals from alien civilizations, may be monitoring the wrong “channels,” a U.S. astrophysicist says.
一位美国天体物理学家表示，地外智能生命搜寻研究所(SETI)一直以来探索宇宙外星文明信号的方法可能是“走了弯路”。
Gregory Benford of the University of California, Irvine, says such a civilization wanting to announce its presence would transmit “cost-optimized” narrowly focused signals, not the continuous omni-directional signals the SETI program has been scanning for, a university release said recently.
美国加州大学欧文分校的科学家格雷戈里·本福德近日称，试图跟人类建立联系的外星人很可能从“成本最优”方面考虑只发送较短的定向信息，而不是漫无方向地持续发送信息。而SETI 一直以来搜索的信息正是后者。
“This approach is more like Twitter and less like War and Peace, ”James Benford, Gregory Benford`s twin and fellow physicist, says.
“这种发送消息的方法更像是推特(Twitter)，而不是场面宏大的《战争与和平》，”格雷戈里·本福德的孪生兄弟，物理学家詹姆斯·本福德说。
“Whatever the life form, evolution selects for economy of resources. Transmitting signals across light years would require considerable resources.”
“不论是何种生命形式，进化的方向都是节约资源。穿越光年发送信息，要花费相当巨大的资源。”
They says alien signals would not be blasted out in all directions but narrowly directed in the one-to-ten gigahertz broadband signal range and SETI’s broad sweeping search could leave many days when brief Twitter-like flashes of “ here we are” from alien civilizations go undetected.
他们还说，外星人不会向外漫无目的地全方位传送信号，而只会在1-10千兆赫的波段内定向发送。但SETI 采取的是大范围的信号扫描方式，这样一来，在外星文明发出“我们在这儿!”的信号时，可能就已经错过SETI 的扫描了。
Such short, targeted blips, dubbed Benford beacons, should be the targets of SETI efforts, a growing number of scientists say.
越来越多的科学家支持他们的观点，认为这种简短、定向的信息(被称为本福德信号)才应该是SETI 搜索的目标。
And the Benfords also suggest concentrating the search on our own Milky Way galaxy, especially its center where 90 percent of its stars are located.“
本福德兄弟还建议将搜索地点锁定在我们自身所处的银河系，特别是90%恒星所在的中心地区。
The stars there are a billion years older than our sun,” Gregory Benford says, “which suggests a greater possibility of contact with an advanced civilization than does pointing SETI receivers outward to the newer and less crowded edge of our galaxy. ”
“那里的恒星寿命比太阳还早10 亿年，”格雷戈里·本福德说，“这意味着那里更有可能存在高等智慧生命。这比将SETI 的天线对准银河系边缘更年轻恒星、也更稀疏的区域要好得多了。”
考研英语阅读经典美文：学音乐的好处
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现，通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明，但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今，美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发，分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍，他们的研究数据充分表明，音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中，这些研究人员这样说道：“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样，音乐能够增强大脑活力，增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说，学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力，也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上，对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现，演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力，这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱，计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说：“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中，神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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