2017高考英语复习资料
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2017高考英语复习资料
高考英语作文写作错误分析
1.审题草率，偏离主题，缺漏要点或无限发挥。
对策：制定合理的答题方案，完成书表要安排足够的时间，一般 20-25 分钟。下笔前，认真审题，弄清文章的主题、体裁、时态等，归纳出内容要点，列出提纲，打草稿，用 8-10 句英语句子表达出来，切勿匆匆下笔。另外，注意根据需要适当发挥，一般一至两句，不可无限发挥而影响了重要内容的表达。
2.思路混乱，从头至尾只有一段，或随意、过多地分段，发表观点类的作文中常犯自相矛盾的错误。
如"以高中生对文、理科的选择为话题，用英语介绍一下你所做的选择，并说明理由"，有的考生第一段就亮明了观点"选择理科"--"I decided to choose science as my m ain subject. The reasons are as follows."接下来，便说明了选理科的理由，但在文章快要结束时却写道"But my physics is weak. What's more, I like history very much, so I decided on arts as m y main subject of study."这样前后自相矛盾，不知道考生的选择到底是什么。
对策：考生可根据事件发生的先后顺序以及事物之间的内在联系，进行合理排序、分段。首段要点明主题，亮明观点，中间段围绕主题展开描述，根据需要可用一至两段，结尾段一定要呼应首段，将主题升华(首尾呼应，结尾升华)，不要出现自相矛盾的情况。
【词法上的错误】
1.词汇搭配不当，如：
问题句：I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.
修改句：I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.
对策：平时熟记高频单词、固定搭配，考试时，在运用某个单词或者短语时，慎重考虑这个
单词或短语与其它内容是否搭配。
2.词性中的张冠李戴
× My English is very well.
√ My English is very good.
× I want to make friends with students from others country.
√ I want to make friends with students from other countries.
对策：平时记单词时除了词义，还要识记其词性、名词的可数性与不可数性、动词的延续性与非延续性、及物与不及物等。写作时，如果对所写单词的词性没有把握，可换用其它单词。时态错误
大部分考生段首句子的时态还正确，但段中就开始出错，或者前半句时态还正确，后半句就错了。因为这部分考生对各种时态的用法以及什么样的文体该用什么时态还弄不清。如：
× I'd be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.
√ I'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.
× I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.
√ I was told that he had been looking for a new job all through the summer.
对策：弄清各种文体对应的时态，如日记应该用过去时态，通知用将来时态，发表观点类的文章及图表作文用现在时态，书信根据需要可以交叉使用现在时态、将来时态和过去时态。写完后还要认真检查，看一下时态呼应一致方面是否出现了错误。
【语态错误】
形式多为：不及物动词误用被动形式，不规则动词的过去分词变化拼写错误，该用被动语态的地方没有用被动语态。如：
× I got a message that a summer camp will be hold in Singapore.
√ I got a message that a summer camp will be held in Singapore.
× I hope I will accept as a member of your summer cam p.
√ I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
对策：平时有意识地进行主、被动语态方面的转换练习，熟记不规则动词的过去分词变化形式。写作时，要确保运用被动形式的是及物动词，检查动词的过去分词形式是否写错，并思考一下此处语态应用是否合适。
【句法结构错误】
1.句子结构不完整
阅卷发现：句子结构不完整的情况常出现在定语从句以及需要跟双宾语的动词结构中。
× I'd like to communicate with students come from foreign countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students who come from different countries.
√ I'd like to communicate with students from different countries.
× I can tell the foreign students about China.
剖析：
"告诉某人某物"为 tell sb sth 。
√ I can tell the foreign students something about China.
对策：掌握好主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补五种基本句型和 there be 结构。通过翻译、改错、改写、转换句型等将句法结构内化，要有意识地经常运用已纠正的常错句型，注意句子结构的完整性。
2.悬垂修饰语现象
悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语或修饰语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。分词、不定式、动名词和省略句作为修饰语时考生受汉语影响常会出现悬垂现象。
× In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired.
√ In order to help us learn English well, our school will hire a foreign teacher.
× At the age of 19,my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.
√ When Iwas19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.
对策：使用非谓语动词和省略句作为修饰语时，要注意使它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致(独立主格结构除外)。运用短语作从句时，要记住短语所表达的内容不得与后面主句所描述的内容有所冲突或者造成歧义。
3.汉语式英语，逐字翻译
比如表达"我对这项活动感兴趣，想参加。"
× I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.
√ I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in it.
表达"公园里有一则告示，上面写道：
'注意安全，道路光滑。'"
× There is a notice in the park, writing：
"To take no tice of safe, slippery sideway"
√ There is a notice in the park, saying：
"Watch your step. Slippery sideway."
对策：养成用英语思维进行写作的习惯，不逐字翻译题目所列的要求，遇到自己没有把握的，可换一种方式表达。
【语法关系不一致】
表现为：主谓不一致、指代不一致、单复数不一致、比较对象不一致、时态不一致等方面。如：
× In the bedroom there are a bed, a desk and a chair.
√ In the bedroom there is a bed, a desk and a chair.
× The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.
√ The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like them .
对策：日常学习中，要多留心各种特殊的语法关系，注意培养英语语感。写作完成后，只要认真检查，就可以避免类似错误的出现。
【重复累赘】
累赘句：I can speak fluent English fluently.
简洁句：I can speak fluent English. I can speak English fluently.
累赘句：Just as the saying goes"every coin has two sides,"it is the same with the private cars, that is to say, It has its disadvantages.
简洁句：Just as the saying goes, "every coins has two sides,"so does the private cars.或 Every coin has two sides, so does the private cars.
对策：英语有一个原则叫简洁原则(又叫经济原则)--能用三词不用四词。平时进行长句
短写训练，学会用省略的方法使句子简洁明了。写作完成后，要认真检查，看有无重复累赘句。
【句式结构单一，无连接词】
结构单一句：I'm Li Hua. I'm a middle school student. I'm from China.
修改句：I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China.
结构单一句：You practice more reading, you will improve your reading ability.
修改句：If you practice more reading, you will improve your reading ability.
对策：学会恰当使用连接词、同位语、非谓语动词、短语等对结构单一的英语句子进行合并，进行简单句和复合句的转换训练，逐步掌握较复杂句式。
【"高级表达"误区现象】
过多使用所谓的"高级词汇"、"高级语法结构"如：
For so many years'tough studying, I have conquered English. I totally master English. I can speak magnificent English. And I want to make my voice be widely heard throughout the world. So I want to take part in your summer camp.
剖析：考生虽然很认真地使用了"高级词汇"：tough，conquer，master，magnificent等，但因为不够简洁准确，有的用词也不符合中学生的身份，反而使语言啰嗦，晦涩难懂。
修改：I've been learning English for many years, and I speak fluent English now. What is more, I'll be able to tell students from other countries something about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a mem ber of your summer camp.
又如：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually not only because it has given us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability but also because we really feel much happier than ever before.
剖析：该句用词 39 个，包含了一个宾语从句，两个状语从句，太冗长。
拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability. What's more, we really feel much happier than ever before.(一个主从复合句、一个简单句，连接词使句子流畅连贯)
对策：使用词汇、语法结构应该简洁、准确、恰当、通俗易懂，少用生僻词，不要为了所谓的"高级结构"而牵强使用，走出所谓"高级结构"的误区。对于冗长啰嗦的长句子可运用拆分省略法，使其简洁有力。
总之，只要我们针对高考英语书面表达中的典型错误，采取必要的对策，在老师的指导下扎实训练，高考中有针对性的检查纠正，就一定能够降低出错率，提高得分档次，增加高考获胜筹码。
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