托福阅读否定前缀辨析
为了帮助大家备考托福。提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读否定前缀辨析，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读否定前缀辨析
英语否定的前缀主要有a- ab- anti- counter- de- dis- il- im- in- ir- mal- mis- non- un- 等。
a-ab-主要加在形容词动词前，例如atypical非典型性的，abnormal非正常的;abuse滥用、错误使用、虐待;
anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反社会的、antidite解毒的药;
counter-加在名词、动词前，例如：counterstrike反击、counteract抵抗阻碍、counterrevolution反革命。
de-加在名词、形容词前，常见的例词有decrease减少，deteriorate恶化，demobilize遣散 使…复员、decolor 脱色 漂白;
dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis-为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意、disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系
il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合逻辑的;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的
in-常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的等;
ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的;
mal-主要加在形容词名词之前，例如malfunction功能紊乱，malicious恶意的;
mis-加在动词、名词前，例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;
non-加在形容词、名词前，这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非电的;
un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业。
托福阅读材料：新型厄尔尼诺现象
The research is published online in the journal Nature Geoscience(地球科学). El Nino is a periodic(周期的)warming in the eastern tropical Pacific that occurs along the coast of South America. Recently, scientists have noticed that El Nino warming is stronger in the Central Pacific rather than the Eastern Pacific, a phenomenon known as El Nino Modoki (Modoki is a Japanese term for "similar, but different").
Last year, the journal Nature published a paper that found climate change is behind this shift from El Nino to El Nino Modoki. While the findings of that paper are still being debated, this latest paper in Nature Geoscience presents evidence that El Nino Modoki drives a climate pattern known as the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO).
"We've found that El Nino Modoki is responsible for changes in the NPGO,"said Emanuele Di Lorenzo, associate professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "The reason this is important is because the NPGO has significant effects on fish stocks(鱼类)and ocean nutrient distributions(海洋营养分布)in the Pacific, especially along the west coast of the United States."
The NPGO, first named two years ago by Di Lorenzo and colleagues in a paper in Geophysical Research Letters, explained for the first time long-term changes in ocean circulation of the North Pacific, which scientists now link to an increasing number of dramatic transitions in coastal marine(沿海海域)ecosystems.
"The ecosystems of the Pacific may very well become more sensitive to the NPGO in the future," said Di Lorenzo. "Our data show that this NPGO is definitively linked to El Nino Modoki, so as Modoki becomes more frequent in the central tropical Pacific, the NPGO will also intensify(增强)."
Vocabulary：
Geoscience：n. 地球科学
environmental geoscience 环境地学
South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
南太平洋应用地球科学委员会(南太地科委)
Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia
东亚和东南亚沿海和近海地球科学方案协调委员
Periodic：a.周期的，定期的，时而发生的
The quality or state of being periodic; recurrence at regular intervals.
周期性周期出现的性质或状态; 以固定的间隔而发生
A column in the periodic table of the elements.
属，族元素周期表上的一栏
Ecosystems：生态系统
Aquatic ecosystems share a number of basic structural and functional characteristics with terrestrial ecosystems.
水生生态系统的结构和机能,在许多基本特征方面同陆地生态系统一样。
Temperate forest ecosystems occupy a position of prominence among all ecosystems.
温带森林生态系统在所有生态系统中占有优势地位。
托福阅读材料：不要出卖灵魂
My fellow job seekers: I am honored to be among the first to congratulate you on completing your years at North Carolina A&T. But all of you should know: as Mother's Daygifts go, this one is going to be tough to beat in the years ahead.
The purpose of a commencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. But the older I get, the more I realize that the most important wisdom I've learned in life has come from my mother and my father. Before we go any further, let's hear it one more time for your mothers and mother figures, fathers and father figures, family, and friends in the audience today.
When I first received the invitation to speak here, I was the CEO of an billion Fortune 11 company with 145,000 employees in 178 countries around the world. I held that job for nearly six years. It was also a company that hired its fair share of graduates from North Carolina A&T. You could always tell who they were. For some reason, they were the ones that had stickers on their desks that read, "Beat the Eagles."
But as you may have heard, I don't have that job anymore. After the news of my departure broke, I called the school, and asked: do you still want me to come and be your commencement speaker?
Chancellor Renick put my fears to rest. He said, "Carly, if anything, you probably have more in common with these students now than you did before." And he's right. After all, I've been working on my resume. I've been lining up my references. I bought a new interview suit. If there are any recruiters here, I'll be free around 11.
I want to thank you for having me anyway. This is the first public appearance I've made since I left HP. I wanted very much to be here because this school has always been set apart by something that I've believed very deeply; something that takes me back to the earliest memories I have in life.
One day at church, my mother gave me a small coaster with a saying on it. During my entire childhood, I kept this saying in front of me on a small desk in my room. In fact, I can still show you that coaster today. It says: "What you are is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God."
Those words have had a huge impact on me to this day. What this school and I believe in very deeply is that when we think about our lives, we shouldn't be limited by other people's stereotypes or bigotry. Instead, we should be motivated by our own sense of possibility. We should be motivated by our own sense of accomplishment. We should be motivated by what we believe we can become. Jesse Jackson has taught us; Ronald McNair taught us; the Greensboro Four taught us; that the people who focus on possibilities achieve much more in life than people who focus on limitations.
The question for all of you today is: how will you define what you make of yourself?
To me, what you make of yourself is actually two questions. There's the "you" that people see on the outside. And that's how most people will judge you, because it's all they can see what you become in life, whether you were made President of this, or CEO of that, the visible you.
But then, there's the invisible you, the "you" on the inside. That's the person that only you and God can see. For 25 years, when people have asked me for career advice, what I always tell them is don't give up what you have inside. Never sell your soul. Because no one can ever pay you back.
What I mean by not selling your soul is don't be someone you're not, don't be less than you are, don't give up what you believe, because whatever the consequences that may seem scary or bad -- whatever the consequences of staying true to yourself are -- they are much better than the consequences of selling your soul.
托福阅读材料：世界上最小国家正在出售
Scientists have determined it's not advisable to hurry marriage. Get the scoop on the best age to be wed.
许多普通人都曾有过成为一国元首一国之君的梦想，如今购买一个世界上最小的国家就能圆梦。
For sale: the world's smallest country with its own flag, stamps, currency and passports.
待售：世界上最小的国家，含该国国旗、邮票、货币以及护照。
Apply to prince michael of sealand if you want to run your own nation, even if it is just a wartime fort perched on two concrete towers in the north sea.
如果你想治理一个属于自己的国家，且不计较它仅仅是由北海中两座混凝土塔楼组成的一个战时城堡，那就去向西兰公国的迈克尔王子申请吧。
Built in world war Two as an anti-aircraft base to repel german bombers, the derelict plat-form was taken over 40 years ago by retired army major Paddy Roy Bates who went to live there withhis family.
该城堡建于二战期间，是个用于抵御德国轰炸机的防空基地。40年前，退休少校帕迪·罗伊·贝茨带着家人住到这里，接管了这个已废弃的高台。
He declared the platform, perched seven miles off the east coast of england and just outside britain's territorial waters, to be the principality of sealand.
他将这个距英国东海岸七英里、恰在英国领海外的高台宣布为西兰公国。
The self-styled prince Roy adopted a flag, chose a national anthem and minted silver and gold coins.
这位自封的罗伊王子选定了国旗、国歌还铸造了西兰银币和金币。
The family saw off attempts by Britain's Royal Navy to evict them and also an attempt in 1978 by a group of german and dutch businessmen to seize sealand by force.
英国皇家海军曾试图驱逐他们，1978年还有一队德国和荷兰商人试图用武力夺取西兰.他们最终都被这家人赶了出去。
Roy, 85, now lives in Spain and his son Michael told BBC Radio his family had been approached by estate agents with clients "who wanted a bit more than a bit of real estate, they wanted autonomy."
罗伊现已85岁，住在西班牙。他的儿子迈克尔对英国广播公司电台说，一些客户已通过房地产中介与他们家取得了联系，“这些人想要的不只是一处房产，还有自治权。”
Notes:
fort :堡垒
mint [mint] n. 薄荷;造币厂，巨款
vt. 铸造，铸币
Royal Navy : 皇家海军
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