托福独立口语题型趋势之“二选一”与“三选一”
为了帮助大家备考托福口语，对口语题型有一个深入的了解，下面小编给大家带来托福独立口语题型趋势之“二选一”与“三选一”，来看看吧！
托福独立口语题型趋势之“二选一”与“三选一”
ETS总是不断地给我们惊喜，or maybe惊吓…总之，今年的托福界不算太安静。先不说阅读、听力考试的新招让考生们猝不及防，就说说我们口语考试，题目类型和内容的改变已经让人渐渐遗忘了那个题型总是很固定，话题的重复率也总是很高，大家彼此都有些拘谨和纯真的年代。
大家都很熟悉二选一的题型，它是Task 2的主要题型，通常是给出两个不同的做法或想法，让考生选择倾向的一个并解释。这个看似平常的题型却是很多同学的软肋，常常选出一个来却只能简单回答几句原因，没法有力地支持自己的选择。在考官看来，就是没有完成考题所要求的任务，并且没法证明自己展开话题的能力。
除此之外，三选一的题型今年火爆Task1,占据绝对主导地位。截止到4月15日，大陆考区一共有9场考试，其中有7场考试的Task 1都是三选一的题型，这就意味着这种题型已经代替传统的“描述人、物、事、地”的题型，而且会一直持续到下半年。所以下半年有考试计划的考生要引起相当的重视，要坚决攻克这种题型，掌握答题要领，取得理想的分数。所以接下来，我们就使用今年的真题，来讲讲如何回答“二选一”与“三选一”的题目。
题目考查重点分析
可以看到，Task 1的三选一题和Task 2的二选一题各出现了7次，是非常高频的。这就意味着如果你想在两三个月内刷分的话，你会不断的遇到这种题型。所以如果你不擅长做这样的题，那么就很难达到你的目标分数了。因此，我们有必要来看看这些题具体考察什么，以及我们需要怎么做。
考察重点：选取自己倾向的选项，并用证据来详细地解释支持自己的选择。
我们同学往往都败在了使用证据来详细地解释自己的选择。而且还有很大一部分同学总是对这类问题充满了疑惑：我的原因说几条好呢?只说我选择的这一个选项的原因吗?那其他的选项我还用不用提?我在说原因的时候只能从正面来说吗?我可以说其他选项的不好吗?我blablabla~~~想必这些问题也一直围绕在各位一线教师身边。所以我们接下来的任务，就是来详细地分析一下这样的题目到底如何回答。
三、答题思路分析
1. 根据实际情况选择最想选的一个选项
我们选择选项的时候可以根据第一反应来选，往往你立即做出反应的一个选项是你能至少找出一条明显的原因来支持的。所以我们至少可以确保不会出现“没话说”的情况。如果你看完了题看完了所有选项，对哪一个选项都没有“感觉”，那么我们的原则是选一个“好说”的。所谓“好说”，就是能容易地想到支持的原因，以及能详细地解释这些原因。考生们在练习阶段应该以“好说”这个标准为主，因为在题海战术的阶段，你的任务是多发散思路、多积累素材，所以应该花些时间研究研究每个选项，看看到底哪个好说。然而在实战时，考生们要灵活的在两种策略之间做出选择，毕竟你们是和时间赛跑的人。
2. 完善证据
这一阶段是最关键的，前面我们提到的考生们纠结的各种问题都出现在这一阶段。我们先来通过官方指南给出的一个范例来看看，到底官方是如何来规定这类题是怎样回答的。
以下内容均选自官方指南(OG)：
这是Task 2的一道二选一的题目，同时也是一道经典高频题。也可以说，这是托福考生必备的一个题。我们来看看官方是怎么选择选项，以及是如何证明其观点的。
Step 1：In answering a question like this one, it is important that you begin by clearly stating what your opinion is. 陈述明确的立场。
Step 2：As for the reasons you give in support of your opinion, they can vary widely and may be based on your own experience and observations. For example, if the position you take is that it is better for students to study alone, you might say that when students meet to study in groups, they often waste time discussing matters that have nothing to do with their class work.你的原因可以基于你的经验和观察。官方指南中指出，如果你的立场是学生应该独自学习，那么你可以说这是因为分组学习时学生会讨论一些与学校无关的话题。大家注意，这就已经回答了前文中提到的考生们的纠结之一：原因到底是从正面证明我选择的选项还是可以对比另外选项的不好?那么答案是，我们当然可以从陈述另一个选项的缺点从而来证明你选择的选项是好的，是有说服力的。
Step 3：You might continue this explanation by contrasting the inefficiency of studying in a group with the kind of productivity a student can achieve when studying alone.接下来我们可以继续对比独立学习可以完成的任务，从而来证明分组学习的低效率。这其实是相当于进一步证明了分组学习的缺点，来烘托出独自学习的优势。这就是用到了我们在论证时常用的对比法，不论是在二选一还是三选一的题中，我们都可以，并且是可以经常选择这种论证方式来证明自己所选择的选项的有利之处。
Step 4：If you have personal experiences that help illustrate your point, you might want to include them in your explanation. If so, you should be clear about how they illustrate your point. 官方指南中指出，我们可以继续用个人的经验来证明，并且要详细地解释你的个人经验是如何证明你的观点的。这是我们广大托福考生再熟悉不过的例证法。
Step 5：Or perhaps you want to take the opposite position, that it is better for students to study in groups. In that case, you would explain the advantages of group study and the disadvantages of studying alone. 如果你认为分组学习更好，那么你可以分析分组学习的优势以及独自学习的劣势。
Step 6：In fact, it may be your opinion that in some cases it is better to study in groups and in other cases it is better to study alone. If that is the opinion you would like to express, you should explain—with reasons, examples, and/or specific details—why group study is better in some cases and individual study is better in others. 指南中还指出，考生们还可以回答有些时候分小组学习好，有些情况独自学习好，并且用原因、例子及细节等证明自己的观点。这就直接回答了另一个考生们纠结的问题--我的立场怎么选。如果再有同学或老师误导你说必须选一个选项出来，你就可以把官方指南拿给他看。因为官方明确说了“there is no “right” or “wrong” answer to a question like this”,“The important thing is to clearly communicate to the person who will be listening to your response what your opinion is and explain the reasons you have for holding it.”大家要明确的是，独立口语话题没有正确答案，只要你能明确地陈述你的观点并且解释清楚你的观点，任务就完成了。
我们来总结总结从官方指南中读到的信息，有以下几点：
1). 要开门见山表明自己的观点，但没有“一定”或“必须”怎么选。选哪个选项，是倾向一方还是分情况讨论，这完全由自己决定。还是那句话，怎么“好说”怎么来。
2). 证明自己观点的方式有很多种，陈述并解释所选项的优势、对比另一个选项的缺点、举例论证，都是可以选择的。考生也可以选择多种方式共同证明自己的观点。
3). 指南中并没有明确规定说几条理由。所以从此以后这也不再是困扰你答题的一个因素了。具体说几条理由不重要，重要的是官方指南中一直重申的要详细论证你的观点。细节决定成败，这是最能体现托福口语考试精髓的一句话。
4). 指南中运用的词汇都是最轻的语气：perhaps, may, would, 都证明了官方在考生的回答上做出的规定是非常宽容的。也就是说，考官不管你的立场是什么，只要你明确;他也不管你的理由有几条，只要你够详细;他更不管你的理由是正面论证还是反证或对比论证，只要你的理由有说服力。这就足矣。
接下来，我们利用今年的真题，来实战演练一下，到底怎么回答这类问题。
三、实战演练
三选一题型演练
2017.01.07
Task 1: The university wants to provide more entertainment to students and there are three choices below. Which one would you choose?
1). A theater performance by student actors
2). A concert provided by professional musicians
3). A lecture from professor
解析：这是近期非常流行的情景题。通常是给出一个具体的情景，让考生结合情景和自身经验，来选出一个选项并证明。根据前面提到的步骤，我们先来分析一下每个选项好不好说。
1). A theater performance by student actors
--让学生更有参与感，对这件事更投入，还能锻炼提高学生的表演能力。
--成本低。
--费时费力。
2). A concert provided by professional musicians
--学生可能更喜欢，更高兴。
--可以为学校带来广告等收入。
--成本高。组织起来困难。
3). A lecture from professor
--对学生有直接的益处，帮助学生提高学术水平，开阔眼界。
--受众比较有局限性，专业可能不对口。
--娱乐性比较低。
经过分析，我们可以看到前两个选项是优势比较明显的，所以我决定从前两个选项中选一个。而这两个选项有个很明显的对比就是一个成本低而另一个成本高，所以我决定选第一个选项。
我们给出两个参考答案，逐个来分析。
Sample Answer1
I personally prefer to choose a theater performance by student actors. On top of my mind, this performance is more economical to the university, compared with a concert by musicians.(对比法) I mean, the university could save tons of money that would be spent on inviting the musicians otherwise. Another highlight of this option is that students can get more participation in college events, so they would be more likely to make effort to, and enjoy this activity. I still remember when a musical was planned to be shown by students in my university, not only the actors, but the rest of us were involved in organizing, publicizing, and of course enjoying watching the musical. We were all looking forward to seeing our favorite actors and actresses who were already well-known around the whole campus.(例证法)
这个答案笔者用了两个理由来证明了选择a theater performance by student actors的原因。第一个原因是通过对比a concert by professional musicians来突出我选择的选项的好处--成本低。第二个是先给出我的理由，并用具体事例来证明这个performance对学生的好处。这就是综合运用了两种论证方式来证明了我的观点。
接下来我们再稍微换个方式来说一个答案：
Sample answer2
I personally prefer to choose a theater performance by student actors. On top of my mind, this performance is more economical to the university, compared with a concert by musicians.(对比法) I mean, the university could save tons of money that would be spent on inviting the musicians otherwise. Another advantage springs to my mind is that the performance fulfills a much more recreational function than a lecture by professor. To be honest, a lecture is more of an educational activity rather than a recreational one. I’m sure that students would get more thrilled at a performance than at a lecture if they really want to have fun and enjoy their spare time. (对比法)
这个答案保留了前一个答案的前半段，后半段第二条原因我改成继续使用对比法来证明performance的优势。所以整个答案就形成了第一个理由对比第二个选项，第二个理由对比第三个选项的模式，从而突出我选择的performance的比较优势。
2017.02.18
Task 1: Which do you think contributes most to a country’s success?
1). Many business opportunities
2). A well-rounded medical care system
3). A developed educational system
解析：这道题与上一道不同的是，这个话题涉及到社会而不是简单的校园场景，对考生肚子里的墨水要求更高了。如果熟悉托福独立写作题目的同学会发现，这其实同时也是一道独立写作题，属于社会类话题，分析起来比较复杂。但是在我们这里毕竟是道口语题，所以我们只需要稍微简单分析一下即可。
1). Many business opportunities
--增加税收。为政府提供资金去支持各个方面的发展，包括医疗和教育。
--促进经济发展。
--提供就业岗位。
--但是一般跨国企业在决定是否在一个国家的某一个城市开展业务时很注重当地的基础设施建设。而medical care system和educational system属于政府的公共服务内容，也是政府有没有能力搞好基础设施的体现。
2). A well-rounded medical care system
--加强社会稳定，为国家的发展提供良好的环境。
--提高公民身体素质，为各个领域的发展提供健康的劳动力。
--但是良好的医疗体系需要政府的资金支持，而政府的资金很大一部分来自于税收和对企业的投资。
3). A developed educational system
--为国家输送高素质的人才，用于各个领域的研究和开发，比如科技、军事和医疗。
--但是良好的教育体系是基于政府的资金支持的，尤其是基础教育。
题目中的“the most”决定了这道题目只能选择一个选项，通过对比我们发现，第一个选项是为后两个选项提供基础的，所以我的立场就很明确了。
答案范例如下：
Sample answer
I firmly believe that many business opportunities contribute the most to the success of a country. It is apparent that business opportunities add tax revenues to the government. I mean, when domestic market develops and local corporations start to thrive, government would immediately benefit from this situation as the government could collect the considerable tax revenue. In addition, when joint ventures enter, there would be more tax revenue which government could then allocate to supporting different areas such as infrastructures. Accordingly, the whole country is in a position to advance.(因果论证)By comparison, both a well-rounded medical care system and a developed educational system require a large deposit from government, which would be hardly taken good care of if the government is in financial strait. This, therefore, demonstrates the importance of business opportunities that could actually add to government finance, not consume it. (对比法)
本文用了两种论证方式，一个是因果论证，这种论证方式也是考生们非常熟悉的，就是通过分析结果来解释因，或者通过分析原因来解释果。文章中通过分析政府得到税收之后可以投资各领域的发展从而体现有很多商业机会的好处。这就是通过分析结果来解释原因。第二种方式是对比法，通过对比医疗体系和教育体系需要花政府的钱，证明不如商业机会对国家的直接影响大。整篇答案其实都是围绕着税收这个点展开的，这也给考生们提供了另外一种思路，围绕一个原因展开，利用多种方式共同论证。
二选一题型演练
2017.03.25
Task 2: To communicate with others, do you prefer to send text messages or make phone calls?
这个问题很直接，没有复杂的背景，只需要考生选择自己的立场就好了。我们先来分析一下这两个选项各自有什么优点。
1). Send text messages
--可以有时间思考，想好了再编辑想说的话。
--听不到对方的声音，不用担心对方的语气，避免双方觉得尴尬。
--可以等对方有时间再回短信，不会产生打电话过去对方很忙无法接听的情况。
2). Make phone calls
--更有效率，节省时间。
--可以让双方沟通更清楚，避免因为文字看不出语气等产生误会。
--显示出对对方的重视。
其实这道题目的两个选项都很好说，那接下来我们一共有两个sample answer, 我们逐个来看。
Sample answer 1
I absolutely prefer to send text messages when communicating with others. The reasons are pretty simple. First of all, I have sufficient time thinking about what I want to say, and I would carefully think about the proper words I could use so I wouldn’t worry about any misunderstanding with the person I chat with, which would probably happen more often if I use some inappropriate words when calling someone.(因果分析+对比法)The second reason why I prefer text messages to phone calls is that the person I’m trying to contact can reply to my text anytime when he or she feels comfortable. I mean, sometimes you can’t reach the person you want to talk with because the person may have something important or emergent at hand, so it’s more convenient to send texts and wait for the reply. More importantly, the person I’m contacting wouldn’t feel bothered if I text.(因果分析+对比法)
这个答案两条理由都用了因果论证和对比法，先直接解释了理由，然后进一步与打电话作对比突出发短信的好处。考生们也可以学习这种思路，就是分别解释两条优点，然后再分别对比另一个选项的不足，能更有力地证明你的观点。
Sample answer 2
I think it really depends on the situation when I’m trying to contact someone. To be specific, sending text messages is more comfortable sometimes when I don’t have anything important or emergent to talk with a person. For example, if I want to ask my mom what to eat at dinner, I’ll text her, not call her. This is simply because what to eat at dinner is nothing serious and important to me, and I just want to know it in advance, so whenever my mom answers me and texts me back doesn’t really matter.(举例论证) By contrast, in some emergent or important occasions, I will definitely call the person I want to reach because I have to figure things out immediately. To exemplify, if I’m doing a business at a bank counter and it requires my home address that was previously registered at the bank, I’ll call my mom, as the time is limited and I have to get the correct address immediately. Accordingly, whether I would choose to text messages or make calls depends on different situations.(举例论证)
这个答案我没有选出一个明确的选项，而是通过分析不同情况来证明选择哪个要视情况而定。并且在分析完大概的情况之后，我分别举了一个例子来更直接地证明什么情况会发短信以及什么情况会打电话。这也是根据官方指南给出的其中一种思路来组织的一个答案，相信考生们也有类似的想法。
总之，在分析了官方指南之后，相信考生们对考试的理解更清晰了，对独立口语题的各种问题也解决了，所以以后会更胸有成竹地做每一个练习题。在这里也建议广大考生，抓紧时间练习二选一和三选一的题，以近三年真题为主，大量做题，总结经验，以备在今年的考试中取得理想的成绩。
托福口语范文：教师可能犯的错误
托福口语真题Task1 – Describe a common mistake that experienced teacher often make.
Teachers may make mistakes, including those experienced teachers. Describe one of the mistakes teachers may commit.
托福口语范文一:
2016年9月11日托福考试口语解析
Sample answer:
Well, L think a common mistake that even an experienced teacher tend to make is fail to take every student uniqueness into account. Like my math teacher in the primary school always thought everyone got what he meant, but actually only a few top students understood, and this resulted in truly bad grades. Also, there are times that teachers can be sort of impatient especially students ask questions that they are supposed to handle well. This way students seriously get upset and lose confidence. Perhaps they will not inquiry again and leave the important points until the test comes.
托福口语范文一:
Well, I think a common mistake that even experienced teachers tend to make is how to attract students’ attention. Perhaps a lot of teachers are really knowledgeable and prepare the classes hard enough, but they don't know how to interact and design the courses, so we may find it difficult to concentrate in class; like I remember when I was in my junior high school, my biology teacher, shewas quite experienced, but she only read textbooks, like “frogs, are a kind of amphibian…” we tried so hard to focus, but it was only a matter of time before everyone got distracted. Honestly, we do want our teacher to interact and communicate more with us, to make the class both fun and academic.
托福口语范文：怎样决定你的所学专业
托福口语task 2
Which do you think is better? Deciding on your major before entering college or after taking some courses?
托福口语范文一:
2016年10月16日托福口语task 2真题答案
Personally, I prefer to let students choose their major after taking some courses. To begin with, students struggle to blend in the university culture for the first year, since high school and university are too different. In high school, students get proper guidance and instruction on everything, however, in a university, students are responsible for themselves and the professors might not even know their names, therefore, it's a bad idea to deal with too many things at the same time. Fortunately, if they choose their major after taking some courses, students get a chance to be exposed to classes in different field, and they can take their time and pick up a major that they like. Eventually, they have enough motivation because of their interest.
托福口语范文二:
Task 2参考答案:
Well I would choose to decide on major after taking some courses in college. Because before entering college, most senior high students in China are confused about their future career perspectives; they have little social or work experiences and have been busy with the national college entrance examination, who barely have any time to think over their future or what they are passionate about, so a year of broad education in grade one may give students sufficient time to avoid rushing into some areas which they would regret about and also contribute to an all-round development.
托福独立口语题型趋势之“二选一”与“三选一”相关文章：
★ 托福口语常见题型
★ 托福口语万能理由
托福独立口语题型趋势之“二选一”与“三选一”
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